●學習目標
Ⅰ.單詞和詞組
make yourself at home；the majority of；total；have a good knowledge of；come about；while；have difficulty in doing sth.；bring in；a great many
Ⅱ.日常交際用語
Did you have a good flight?
You must be very tired.
Just make yourself at home.
Can you tell me how to pronounce …?
Get it.
Ⅲ.語法
直接引語與間接引語（2）
●學習障礙
Ⅰ.單詞及短語
for the first time；What is it that…?at all；make yourself at home；the majority of；total；except for；come about；while；just as；end up with；have difficulty (in) doing…；bring in；a great many Ⅱ.語法
直接引語與間接引語（2）
直接引語為祈使句變間接引語的方法
●學習策略
Ⅰ.單詞及短語部分
1.for the first time 第一次
橫向比較法：
(1) for the first time 第一次，后面不加從句， 在句中作狀語
They came to Beijing for the first time.
(2)the first time 名詞短語，在從句中充當連詞，后接從句，不接that，when等連詞。有同樣用法的短語還有：
every time；next time；the last time
They liked Beijing the first time they went there.
(3) It's the first time that + 從句（用現在完成時）這是……的第一次
聯系語境法：
用time的短語填空：
(1)________ that I have ever been abroad at all.
(2) They loved each other ________ they met.
(3) They were there ________.
答案：（1）It's the first time (2) the first time (3) for the first time
2.What is it that…?
強調句的用法：
(1)結構：It is /It was（過去時間）+被強調部分+that/who（專指人）+其他部分
(2)用法： 除了謂語動詞不能強調，句子的每部分均可強調。
Jim met the student in the street last week.
主語 賓語 地點狀語 時間狀語
強調主語：It was Jim who/that met the student in the street last week.
強調賓語：It was the student whom/that Jim met in the street last week.
強調地點狀語：It was in the street that Jim met the student last week.
強調時間狀語:It was last week that Jim met the student in the street.
(3)注意點：
一般疑問句的強調句：
Was it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now？
特殊疑問句的強調句：
Who is it that will visit our class?
Where is it that he has gone?
When was it that she went?
not…until…用于強調句:
It was not until then that I realized I was wrong.
綜合運用法：
It was not until she had arrived home ________ she remembered ________ the key in the office.
A.when；to leave B.and；leaving
C.that；leaving D.that；to leave
答案：C 本題為強調句與remember doing sth.句型的綜合運用。
3.at all
縱向歸納法:
（1） 用在肯定句中，“竟然”
I'm surprised that you came at all.
（2）用在否定句，“一點也不”
There was nothing to worry about at all.
（3）用在疑問句中，“到底”
Have you been there at all?
（4）用在條件句中，“真的，確實”
If you do it at all,do it well.
橫向比較法:
at all；in all；after all；first of all；above all
（1）at all用法見at all“縱向歸納法”
（2）in all=altogether
總共There are ten students in all.
（3）after all畢竟
Don't scold him.After all,he's only a child of six.
（4）first of all首先（強調順序）
We should do several things.But first of all,we must take these magazines to Mary.
（5）above all最主要的
Children read many things；but above all they need love.
綜合運用法：
In order to continue to learn by ourselves when we have left school,we must ________ learn how to study in the school now.
A.in all B.after all
C.above all D.at all
答案： C
4.make yourself at home 別拘束
橫向比較法：
（1）make yourself at home別拘束 （做客時的委婉語）
-Good evening,Jim.
-Good evening,Mary.Come in and make yourself at home.
（2）（all） by oneself 獨自 （沒有別人幫助）
You can't possibly do it all by yourself.
（3）enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩的高興
（4）for oneself 親自；為自己
The student wants to think it for himself.
One should not live for oneself alone.
（5）of oneself 自動地The door closed of itself suddenly.
（6）be oneself （身體或情緒好）I am not myself today.
（7）help oneself to +n/pron.隨便……
（8）in oneself 本身
This is not a bad idea in itself.
（9）come to oneself蘇醒
（10）between ourselves 私下說的話
All this is between ourselves.
聯系語境法：
用恰當的介詞或動詞填空
（1）They made the machine all ________themselves.
（2）You'll have to judge (判斷) ________ yourself.
（3）Please ________ yourself to some fish.
（4）Please ________ yourself at the party and ________ yourself at home.
答案：（1）by （2）for （3）help （4）enjoy；make
5.the majority of… ……的大多數
縱向歸納法：
(1)the majority of +名詞復數，作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式或單數形式。
The majority of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games.
(2)a majority of+名詞復數，……的多數
She won the election by a majority of 900 votes.
綜合運用法：
A few people were killed in the fire,but ________ were saved.
A.the most B.most of whom
C.the majority D.the majority of whom
答案: C 本題為并列句與the majority of … 短語的綜合運用。
6.total n./adj.全部（的）
(1) in total 加起來
In total,there must have been 20000 people there.
(2) a total of總共
His expenses(支出)reached a total of $100.
(3) the total of… ……的總數
The total of the bill is 230 dollars.
聯系語境法：
改錯：The total of 20000 visited the castle(城堡) on the first day.
答案：將The改為A
7.except for…除了……
橫向比較法：
表示除了的詞或短語有：except ；but；except for；besides等。
（1）except除……之外，有排他性，在否定句中可以由but替代。
All are here except Jim.（排除Jim）
（2）besides除……之外，還……。有附加性。
What other languages do you know besides English?(English 與other languages都屬于know之中)
除英語外還懂哪種外語?
（3）except for… 只不過……，整體肯定，部分修正，for后連接部分在意義上包含在前者之中
Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.(spelling mistakes 包含于article之中)
（4）except that+從句，意義與except for相同。
Your article is well written except that there are a few spelling mistakes.
（5）except when/what等+從句。
He is never late except when something happens unexpectedly .
聯系語境法：
（1）I know nothing about the actress except ________ I read in the newspaper.
（2）He never comes late except ________ there is heavy traffic.
答案：（1）what (2) when
8.come about發生；造成
How did the accident come about?
（1）come across…=meet with…=run into… 偶然遇到
（2）come along 跟著去，快點
（3）come around 到來
（4）come at 向……撲去
（5）come back 回來
（6）come down 下來；降價
（7）come into being 形成；產生
（8）come into effect 開始生效
（9）come into power 開始執政
（10）come off 脫落
（11）come on 加油
（12）come out發芽；開花
（13）come to 來到；談到；總計；蘇醒；得出
（14）come up 走過來；長出來
聯系語境法：
The student of English wants to know how the differences between British English and American English ________.
A.come into B.come out
C.come about D.come over
答案:C
9.while conj.オ
縱向歸納法：
（1）while 從屬連詞，引導時間狀語從句，從句動詞用延續性動詞，主句的動詞發生在從句之中。
Come on,get these things away while I make the tea.
（2）并列連詞表前后兩個分句意義相反或相對“然而”。
I like tea while she likes coffee.
Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
（3）盡管；雖然，放在句首。
While we don't agree,we continue to be friendly.
綜合運用法：
Mother is cooking________father is reading newspapers.
A.when B.while
C.why D.however
答案：B
10.just as… 就像……
橫向比較法：
（1）just as…,as為連詞；加介詞短語或從句
He came here on time just as he was expected.
Football is popular in China just as in Italy.
(2)just like…+n./pron.
He teaches me everything just like my lifetime teacher.
聯系語境法：
用like或as填空
The house is just ________ it was in Shakespeare's time.
答案：as，后接從句。
11.end up with… 以……結束
橫向比較法：
end up with +n.以……結束
The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.
（2）end up as…最后成為……
He will end up as a president some day.
（3）end up+地點狀語 最后（有……結局）
If you drive your car like that,you'll end (up) in hospital.
聯系語境法:
We ended the dinner up ________ fruit and coffee.
A.in B.to C.off D.with
答案：D
12.have difficulty in +動名詞 做……有困難
縱向歸納法:
（1）have difficulty：difficulty 是不可數名詞，前可由little；no；much；a lot of；any修飾
(2)have difficulty(in)+ 動名詞，in可以省略；很費勁……
We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house.
(3) have difficulty with +n./pron. 有……的困難
Do you have any difficulty with your English?
注意：trouble n.麻煩。difficulty 用法類似。
13. bring in
縱向歸納法:
(1)bring in 贏利，賺錢
The boys are bringing in￥60 a week.
(2)bring in 引進
Some new equipment has been brought in since last year.
14.a great many 許多
縱向歸納法:
(1) a great many +名詞復數，中間無“of”。
A great many people have seen the film.
(2) a great many + of+the/these/those/one's +名詞復數
A great many of the people have seen the film.
綜合運用法：
改錯:
A great many of workers lost their jobs.
答案: 去掉of
Ⅱ.語法部分
直接引語為祈使句變間接引語的方法
轉述祈使句時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶“to”的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據句子的意思加上“tell， ask,order”等動詞，如果祈使句為否定式， 在不定式的前面加“not”。 She said to us,“Please sit down.”→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away.”→He ordered him to go away.
Mother said to me,“Come back before 10:00.”→Mother told me to come back before 10:00. He said,”Don't make so much noise,boys.”→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
●方法實踐
Ⅰ.單項選擇
1.Well known for his expert advice,he was able to help a ________ of people with their personal affairs.
A.dozen B.great deal
C.many D.number
2.________ total of the workers here ________200.
A.A；is B.A；are
C.The；is D.The；are
3.No one can imagine the difficulty I have ________ your home.
A.with B.to find
C.finding D.with finding
4.The speech ________ a famous poem.
A.ended up with B.broke in with
C.came with with D.turned up with
5.Without your help,we ________ the problem.
A.took trouble in solving
B.had much trouble to solving
C.kept difficulty to solve
D.would have had much trouble solving
6.________ of money has been spent on research.
A.A great many B.A great number
C.A great amount D.A good many
7.It was here ________ I first met him.
A.where B.that
C .in which D.what
8.Which of the following sentences is right?
A.How do you know the accident happened?
B.How do you believe did the accident take place?
C.How do you guess the accident brought about?
D.How do you think the accident came about?
9.Every time she went there,she would take with her ________ food.
A.a good many B.a great many
C.plenty of D.a large number of
10.Travellers from many parts of the world have ________ something new to our country.
A.brought in B.brought out
C.introduced in D.come about
11.In order to continue to learn by ourselves when we have left school,we must ________ study how to learn in the school now.
A.in all B.after all
C.above all D.at all
12.-I'm sorry I didn't do a good job.
-Never mind.________,you have tried your best.
A.Above all B.In all
C.At all D.After all
13.I know nothing about the young lady ________she is from Beijing.
A.except B.except for
C.except that D.besides
14.There are many sports lovers in his office.Some love climbing,________ others enjoy swimming.
A.while B.when
C.but D.so
15.She knew nothing about his journey ________ he was likely to be away for three months.
A.except B.except for C.except that D.in addition
16.Mr Mike didn't understand ________ made his wife so upset this morning.
A.what was it B.why it was this
C.how that was D.what it was that
17.-How did you find him out?
-I ________ his name by chance on the list.
A.came down B.came about
C.came up D.came across
18.Who ________ you that two American Airlines planes ploughed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center?
A.was it to tell B.was that told
C.was it that told D.did it tell
19.This suit fitted him well ________ the colour was a little brighter.
A.except for B.except that
C.except when D.besides
20.He has done everything ________ what I asked him to do.
A.beside B.besides
C.except D.accept
21.It was for this reason ________ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.
A.which B.why
C.that D.how
22.-Do you know our town at all?
-No,this is the first time I ________ here.
A.was B.have been
C.came D.am coming
23.Was it in this place ________ the last Emperor died?
A.that B.in which
C.in where D.which
24.It is the ability to do the job ________ matters not where you come from or what you are. A.one B.that
C.what D.it
25.Many people agree that ________ knowledge of English is a must in ________ international trade today.
A.a；the B.the；an
C.the；the D./；the
Ⅱ.完形填空
The Depression(蕭條)didn't make much change in my grandparents' lives.But it did bring an unending flow of men out of 1 ,drifting(being carried)from job to job,to the farm.The 2 to show up at the door of the kitchen was a man in rags.He quickly 3 that he hadn't eaten for a while.Grandpa stood watching him a 4 ,then said,“There's a stack(堆，垛）of firewood against the fence behind the barn（谷倉).I've been 5 to get it moved to the other side of the fence.You have just about 6 time to finish the job before lunch.”
Grandma said a 7 thing happened.The man got a 8 in his eyes and he hurried to the barn at once.She 9 another place at the table and made an apple pie.During lunch,the stranger didn't 10 much,but when he left,his 11 straightened.\!Nothing ruins a man like 12 himself-respect,”Grandpa later told me.
Soon after,another man 13 up asking for a meal.This one was dressed 14 a suit and carried a small suitcase.Grandpa came out,looked at the man and offered a 15 .\!There is a stack of firewood along the fence down the barn.I've been meaning to get it moved.It'd sure be a 16 to me.And we'd be pleased to have you 17 for lunch.
The fellow set his suitcase 18 and neatly laid his coat on top.Then he set 19 to work.
Grandma says she doesn't remember how many strangers they 20 a meal with during those Depression days-or how many times that stack of firewood got moved.
1.A.life B.business
C.farming D.work
2.A.guest B.first
C.second D.next
3.A.explained B.spoke
C.described D.talked
4.A.glance B.little
C.bit D.look
5.A.dreaming B.meaning
C.wishing D.hoping
6.A.some B.full
C.much D.enough
7.A.fearing B.funny
C.serious D.surprising
8.A.light B.flame
C.shine D.fire
9.A.put B.took
C.set D.sat
10.A.say B.drink
C.eat D.have
11.A.shoulders B.arms
C.feet D.hands
12.A.throwing B.losing
C.hurting D.protecting
13.A.went B.appeared
C.came D.showed
14.A.up B.in
C.with D.by
15.A.smile B.wave
C.nod D.handshake
16.A.favour B.offer
C.help D.wonder
17.A.stay B.remain
C.honour D.wait
18.A.away B.aside
C.along D.around
19.A.for B.off
C.of D.upon
20.A.spared B.supplied
C.supported D.shared
Ⅲ.短文改錯
Dear Peter,
Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday 1.________
party on Sunday. I'd like very much come but 2.________
I had an examination on Monday morning. It is 3.________
a very important exam but I can't afford to 4.________
fail it. I'll spend all the whole weekend reading 5.________
and prepare for it. So I'm really sorry that 6.________
I won't be able to come in this time. Hope you 7.________
can understand. I'll take this chance to wish 8.________
you wonderful time on your birthday. Happy 9.________
birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! 10.________Yours,
Li Ming
Ⅳ.書面表達
最近，你校同學正在參加某英文報社組織的一場討論。討論的主題是：公園要不要收門票？請你根據下表所提供的信息，給報社寫一封信，客觀地介紹討論情況。
60%的同學認為： 40%的同學認為：
1.不應收門票
2.公園是公眾休閑的地方
3.如收門票，需建大門、圍墻、會影響城市形象 1.應收門票，票價不宜高
2.支付園林工人工資
3.購新花木
注意：1.信的開頭已為你寫好。
2.詞數：100左右。
3.參考詞匯：門票 ： entrance fee
Ⅴ.同步語法專項練習(直接引語與間接引語之間的轉換)
(Ⅰ)將下列句子由直接引語變為間接引語，每空一詞。
1.“Please explain why you're one and a half hours late,” the boss said.
The boss told him ________ ________ why ________ ________ one and a half hours late.
2.“Don't spend all your money on food and drinks!” he said.
He told her ________ ________ spend all ________ money on food and drinks.
3.“Go to bed and don't get up till you are called.” his father ordered.
His father ordered him ________ go to bed and ________ ________ get up till ________ ________called.
4.“Don't pass until the green light is on,” the policeman said to him.
The policeman ________ him ________ ________ pass until the green light ________ on.
5.“Let me stay up a little longer tonight,” the little girl said to her mother.
The little girl ________ her mother ________ let ________ stay up a little longer ________ ________.
6.I said,“Let's go to the cinema.”
I ________ my mother ________ let ________ ________go to the cinema.
7.“Will you please pass me that book?” he asked.
He asked ________ ________ I ________ pass ________ that book.
8.“Why don't you go with us?” he asked.
He asked me ________ ________ go with ________.
9.“Don't be afraid,” Tom said to Dick.
Tom ________ Dick ________ ________ be afraid.
10.“Stop the thief!” the police officer said to his men.
The police officer ________ his men ________ stop the thief.
(Ⅱ)把下列句子變成直接引語,每空一詞。
1.The teacher told him to go to her office at once.
The teacher said to him,“ ________to ________ office at once!”
2.Mother asked the police officer to show her the way to the hospital.
Mother asked the police officer,“________ show ________ the way to the hospital.”
3.Napolean(拿破侖) ordered his man to climb the mountain the next day.
Napolean ordered his man,“________ the mountain ________.”
4.The doctor told him not to smoke any more.
The doctor ________,“________ smoke any more.”
5.The young man asked his boss to let him go home earlier that day.
The young man asked his boss,“________ ________ go home earlier ________,________.” 6.The teacher didn't allow us to smoke in the library.
The teacher ________,“________ smoke in the library.”
7.I advised him to go over the textbook carefully.
I ________ to him,“________ ________ go over the textbook carefully.”
8.He asked us to pay attention to our pronunciation.
He said,“________attention to ________ pronunciation,________.”
9.The boy asked the doctor to look him over.
The boy ________to the doctor,“look ________ over,________.”
10.The old woman asked her daughter to cook dinner for her.
The old woman asked,“Cook dinner for ________!”
參考答案
Ⅰ.單項選擇
1.D a dozen+名詞。 復數;不加of;a great deal of+不可數名詞;a number of若干。
2.C a total of… ……的總數是……;v.用單數。
3.C have difficulty (in) doing sth.在做……上有困難。
4.A end up with以……結束。
5.D take trouble to do sth.不辭勞苦做……have trouble (in) doing sth.做……有麻煩。
6.C a great/good many of +the/these/those +名詞復數;或a great/good many +名詞復數;a great amount of +不可數名詞。
7.B 強調句;強調地點狀語here。
8.A
9.C plenty of 既可修飾可數名詞n.;又可修飾不可數名詞。
10.A 引進;介紹。
11.C 首先;尤其重要的是。
12.D 畢竟。
13.C 接從句。
14.A 然而;but轉折,語氣太硬。
15.C
16.D 賓語從句用陳述句語序。
17.D 遇到。
18.C 強調特殊疑問詞who。
19.B 20.C
21.C 強調句。
22.B 時態呼應。
23.A 24.B
25.A a knowledge of… 固定搭配。
Ⅱ.完形填空
1.D 失業。
2.B 來到農場的第一個人。
3.A
4.C a bit一點兒。
5.B
6.D
7.D 令人驚訝的事情。
8.B flame in ones eyes 眼里冒著怒火。
9.C 安置。
10.A 話語不多。
11.A
12.B 失去自尊。
13.D 出現
14.B be dressed in穿著……
15.D
16.C 幫忙。
17.A 留下來吃午飯。
18.B set sth.aside把……放到一邊。
19.B set off 動身。
20.D share sth.with sb.和……分享
Ⅲ.短文改錯
1.on→for 2.come前加to 3.had→have 4.but→and/so 5.去掉all 6.prepare→preparing 7.去掉in 8.√ 9.wonderful前加a 10.return→returns
Ⅳ.書面表達
Dear Editor,
I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we've had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
Opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.
On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
Ⅴ.同步語法專項練習
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