Unit4 形容詞和副詞
一、考點(diǎn)聚焦
1、形容詞、副詞的作用與位置
形容詞是用來修飾名詞的，常被放在名詞前作定語，或放在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語。而副詞則用來修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞，其他副詞或者句子，一般位于形容詞之前，動(dòng)詞之后或句子之首。以下屬幾種特殊情況，須牢記；
（1）形容詞短語作定語，定語后置。
a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high
（2）表語形容詞（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定語，定語后置。如a man alive。有些表身體健康狀況的形容詞如well、faint、ill只作表語。sick既可作表語又可作定語，ill如作定語意為“bad”。
（3）用作定語，修飾由不定代詞one、no、any、some和every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞如anything、something等時(shí)，通常后置。如：
I have something important to tell you.
（4）else常用作疑問代詞和不定代詞的后置定語。
（5）enough、nearby修飾名詞前置或后置，程度副詞一般位于形容詞、副詞前面，enough修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，必須后置。
（6）幾個(gè)副詞并列作狀語時(shí)，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間。如：
We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.
（7）頻度副詞如often、always、usually等在be動(dòng)詞后，行為動(dòng)詞前。
（8）副詞作定語，定語后置。如：
The person there is waiting for you.
（9）幾個(gè)并列的形容詞作定語，其語序通常為：限定語（The、A）+ 描繪性形容詞 + size（大小）+ shape（形狀）+ age（年齡、時(shí)間）+ color（顏色）+ origin（國籍、來源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名詞。如：
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,
the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings
（10）以-ly結(jié)尾的詞性辨析。
①下列單詞以-ly結(jié)尾，但卻是形容詞而非副詞：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。
②表愿意（無-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副詞：
deep深 wide寬廣 high高 low位置低
deeply深入地 widely廣泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微
③有無-ly意義大不相同的副詞：
dead完全，絕對(duì)be dead asleep
deadly非常be deadly tired
pretty相當(dāng)be pretty certain that…
prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed
close近Don’t sit close.
closely密切地Watch closely!
late晚、遲arrive late, come late
lately最近I haven’t seen him lately(recently).
2、復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成
（1）形容詞 + 名詞 + ed
kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白發(fā)的
(2)形容詞 + 形容詞
red-hot熾熱的，dark-blue深藍(lán)的
（3）形容詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞
good-looking好看的，easy-going隨和的
（4）副詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞
hard-working勤勞的，fast-moving快速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的
（5）副詞 + 過去分詞
hard-won得來不易的，newly-made新建的
（6）名詞 + 形容詞
life-long終生的，world-famous世界聞名的
（7）名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞
peace-loving愛好和平的，fun-loving愛開玩笑的
（8）名詞 + 過去分詞
snow-covered白雪覆蓋的，hand-made手工的
（9）數(shù)詞 + 名詞 + ed
four-storeyed 4層樓的，three-legged 3條腿的
（10）數(shù)詞 + 名詞（名詞用單數(shù)）
ten-year 10年的,two-man兩人的
3、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)
（1）原級(jí)的構(gòu)成和用法。
構(gòu)成：形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)即本身。
用法：表示雙方在程度、性質(zhì)、特征等某方面相等時(shí)，用“as + 原級(jí)形容詞/副詞 + as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；表示雙方不相等時(shí)，用“not so(as) + 原級(jí)形容詞/副詞 + as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；表示一方是另一方的若干倍時(shí)，用“倍數(shù) + as + 原級(jí)形容詞/副詞 + as”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so (as)high as that one.
Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .
This room is three times as large as that one.
（2）比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成。
掌握比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則，熟記少數(shù)不符合規(guī)則的特殊形容詞和副詞。
（3）比較級(jí)的用法。
①對(duì)方比較，表示一方超過另一方時(shí)，用“比較級(jí) + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方時(shí)，用“l(fā)ess + 原級(jí) + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時(shí)，可在比較級(jí)前加表示程度的狀語，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修飾。如：
He works even harder than before.
注意：英語的比較級(jí)前如無even、still或yet等時(shí)，譯成漢語時(shí)可用“較”或“…一些”或不譯出，一般不可有“更”。如：
She is better than she was yesterday
Please come earlier tomorrow.
另注意：by far通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)最高級(jí)。用于比較級(jí)時(shí)，一般放在比較級(jí)的后面，如在前面，應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。如：
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方隨另一方的程度而變化時(shí)，用“the + 比較級(jí)（主語 + 謂語），the + 比較級(jí)（主語 + 謂語）”的結(jié)構(gòu)（意為“越……越……”）。如：
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤不與其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改變時(shí)，用“比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用to代替than。這些詞有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（較好的，優(yōu)于……）、junior（資歷較淺的）、senior（資格較老的）、prior（在……之前）等。
He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.
⑦在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.這座新樓比那座舊樓大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲比歐洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.
(4)最高級(jí)的用法。
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時(shí)，用“the + 最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。如：
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.
②最高級(jí)可被序數(shù)詞以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等詞語所修飾。如：
This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?
③表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，沒有最高級(jí)，也不能用比較級(jí)。
④形容詞最高級(jí)修飾作表語或介詞賓語的名詞、代詞時(shí)，被修飾的詞往往省略。如：
He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作狀語的副詞最高級(jí)前可以不加定冠詞。如：
Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
(5)形容詞和副詞前面使用冠詞的情況。
①形容詞最高級(jí)前一般要加定冠詞，副詞最高級(jí)前可不加冠詞。
②形容詞最高級(jí)前有時(shí)加不定冠詞，或不加冠詞，不表比較，表示“非�！�。如：
He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)
The film is most interesting.(most=very)
③表示兩者間“較……的一個(gè)”比較級(jí)前加the。如：
who is the older of the tow boys?
④在“the + 比較級(jí)…，the + 比較級(jí)…”結(jié)構(gòu)中。
⑤在same前一般要加the。
⑥有些形容詞前加the 成為名詞。如the poor、the rich 等。
（6）由as / so組成的形容詞或副詞短語。
① as much as + 不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量。
Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.
She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.
②as many as + 可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量 多達(dá)
I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.
③as early as早在
As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.
④as far as遠(yuǎn)到；就……而知（論）
We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.
As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.
⑤may (might, could)as well不妨、不如
Then you might as well stay with us here.
⑥as … as can be到了最……的程度，極其
They are as unreliable as they can be.他們極其不可信。
⑦as … as one can
He began to run, as fast as he could.
⑧as … as possible
Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
(7)幾組重要的詞語辨析。
①very 和much的區(qū)別。（A）可分等級(jí)的形容詞和副詞前使用very不用much。(B)表示狀態(tài)的過去分詞前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情況下，以-ing、-ed結(jié)尾的分詞多用much、very much / greatly等修飾。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude。(C)已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的現(xiàn)在分詞前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 There’s far too little opportunity for adventue these days.We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.（E）關(guān)于原級(jí)形容詞要記住下列固定的修飾結(jié)構(gòu)：（a）修飾絕對(duì)意義的形容詞，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修飾以a-開頭的形容詞，多有特殊的修飾詞：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c)修飾一些特殊形容詞的修飾語有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。
②so … that … 與such … that … 的區(qū)別。
so + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that …
so + 形容詞 + a（n）+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that …
so + many / much / little / few + 名詞 + that …
such + a(n)+ 形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that …
such + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that …
such + 形容詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + that …
注意：下列結(jié)構(gòu)中只能用so不可用such,當(dāng)名詞前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的詞修飾時(shí)，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但當(dāng)little表示“小”時(shí)用such。如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列so的用法是錯(cuò)誤的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。
③其他幾組詞的辨析。（A）ago、before:ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前”；before指以過去或?qū)淼哪硶r(shí)刻為起點(diǎn)的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。（B）already、yet、still:already表示某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生；yet表示期待某事發(fā)生；still表示某事還在進(jìn)行，主要用于肯定句。
(C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口語，also多用于書面語，either用于否定句。(D)good、well:與good不同的是，well作形容詞，只能在系動(dòng)詞后作表語，表示“身體狀況好”，也作副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。(E)quick、fast:作形容詞皆表“快”。fast多指運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體，含持續(xù)的意思。quick多指一次動(dòng)作的敏捷、突然，而且持續(xù)的時(shí)間較短。(F)real、true:形容詞表“真的”。real強(qiáng)調(diào)真實(shí)存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定語；true指與事實(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和實(shí)際情況相符合，在句中作表語或定語。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困難”，但hard通常指體力上困難；difficult則指智力或技能上的困難，困難程度大于hard。它們都可作定語和表語。
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.（NMET 2001）
A.an art much as B.much an art as
C.as an art much as D.as much an art as
解析：答案為D。本題可從考查形容詞的同級(jí)比較點(diǎn)入手。在同級(jí)比較as…as句式中，如果as后面的形容詞作定語且其所修飾的名詞前有不定冠詞時(shí)，該冠詞須置于形容詞之后，即形成“as + 形容詞 + a / an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + as”結(jié)構(gòu)。這道題在名詞專題中也有解析，不同的是觀察視角不同，應(yīng)注意培養(yǎng)發(fā)散思維。
2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, __________if you don’t speak the language.(NMET 2000)
A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially
解析：答案為D。本題考查副詞的詞義辨析。注意掌握詞語的準(zhǔn)確含義，結(jié)合語境進(jìn)行分析。A項(xiàng)意為“極端地”；B項(xiàng)意為“自然地”；C項(xiàng)“基本上”；D項(xiàng)“尤其，特別地”。根據(jù)句意“如果你不會(huì)講（它的）語言，在國外你就總會(huì)困難重重”可知答案。
3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ______known for his plays.(NMET 1998)
A.the best B.more C.better D.the most
解析：答案為C。本題考查副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。要把握句式之間的聯(lián)系，抓住句子的隱藏信息，結(jié)合語境進(jìn)行分析。根據(jù)句意，句中but后應(yīng)有一詞組be well known for…。同時(shí)，應(yīng)注意到前后兩個(gè)分句把professor White的短篇小說和戲劇進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，故應(yīng)用well的比較級(jí)。
三、專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練
形容詞
1.This dictionary is_______of the two books.
A.thicker B.thickest C.thick D.the thicker
2._______the hotel is,_______the service should be.
A.The more expensive;the more better B.More expensive;the better
C.The more expensive;the better D.More expensive;more better
3.-Do you enjoy listening to records?
-I think records are often_______actual performance.
A.as good as or better than an B.as good or better than a
C.like good or better than an D.as good as any other
4.I’ll get there by six,if_______.
A.not sooner B.no sooner C.not more quickly D.no quick
5.The bananas taste_______and sell_______.
A.good;good B.well;well C.good;well D.well;good
6.Your plan proved_______.
A.correctly B.to correct C.to be corrected D.correct
7.Wait!I have_______to tell you.
A.something of use B.useful something
C.something usefully D.something useful
8.The experiment is_______to be done again.
A.worth B.worthy C.worthy of D.worth of
9._______as the maths problems is,I can work it out.
A.Difficult B.Difficulty C.Difficulties D.Though difficult
10.My brother is_______a teacher,he is also a writer.
A.no more than B.more than C.not more than D.less than
11.Now the prisoner felt_______without her family nor her friends.
A.much more alone B.far more alone
C.very more lonely D.even more lonely
12.-What can we do with the remaining money?
-We’ve got to be_______and buy only what we need.
A.really B.true C.practical D.practised
13.This is_______beautiful city I’ve ever visited.
A.the most B.very C.the very D.a most
14.I felt so_______that I fell_______at once.
A.sleepily;asleep B.sleepy;asleep C.sleepless;asleep D.sleepy;sleeping
15.You’d better keep the door_______and the window_______at night.
A.shutting;opening B.shut;opening C.shut;opened D.shut;open
16.Mary is a_______pretty girl and Tom is a_______naughty boy.
A.rather;rather B.fairly;fairly C.fairly;rather D.rather;fairly
17.Alice is_______,although she’s not nearly as old.
A.as tall as she B.as tall as her C.as tall as hers D.tall as her
18.The music sounds_______.
A.sweet and beautifully B.sweetly and beautiful
C.sweetly and beautifully D.sweet and beautiful
19.The twins look very_______.
A.like B.alike C.same D.likely
20.My brother is three years_______than I.
A.smaller B.less C.younger D.elder
21.We have to wait for the_______notice.
A.further B.father C.far D.farer
22.Open your eyes_______notice anyone entering the room.
A.widely B.wide C.more wide D.more widely
23.The sun is believed to be_______the moon.
A.very bigger than B.more brighter than
C.much larger than D.more bright than
24.Africa is the second_______continent in the world.
A.large B.larger C.more large D.largest
25.This kind of bike is cheaper than_______kind of bike in the shop.
A.other B.any other C.another D.any of the bikes
26.This new type of TV set is very thin,and it is______than a one-hundred-page book.
A.no thinner B.no thicker C.not thinner D.less than
27.Mike is still_______with his work as he was when I saw him last.
A.more careful B.the most careful C.as careful D.as carefully
28.-Are you going to the football game?
-No,the tickets are_______for me.
A.terrible expensive B.so much expensive
C.far too expensive D.highly expensive
29.We still love our teacher_______.
A.deep B.dear C.deeply D.high
30.Yesterday I bought a jacket but it was_______small.
A.a little too B.too little C.very too D.too very
31.Last night we met with_______rain on our way home from our factory.
A.a quite heavy B.too heavy a C.such heavy a D.a so heavy
32.The lecture was so_______that all the people in the hall were_______.
A.moving;exciting B.moving;excited C.moved;moving D.moved;moved
33.After the flood,no house in the village_______.
A.was left B.left standing C.remained standing D.was remained stood
34.The accident is_______fresh in my memory than when it happened.
A.little B.a little C.no less D.more
35.I think this is_______I can do for you.
A.bestly B.the best C.better D.good
副詞
1.This one is_______too large,give me a smaller one.
A.fairly B.very C.so D.rather
2.Don’t go out because it is raining_______.
A.deeply B.thickly C.strongly D.heavily
3.You’ll be late for school if you don’t put on your clothes_______.
A.quickly B.fast C.soon D.rapidly
4.Have you returned him the book_______?
A.still B.yet C.also D.too
5.Prices for the new type DVD can run_______500 to 1000 dollars.
A.so highly to B.so high as C.as high as D.as highly as
6.This is the best film I have_______seen.
A.always B.never C.often D.ever
7.There is only a little time left.We had to run_______to catch the plane.
A.hard B.hardly C.strongly D.well
8._______we get up before 10 o’clock.
A.Never B.Seldom C.Sometimes D.Always
9.He used his car_______for going to the shops.
A.most B.almost C.nearly D.mostly
10.Your grandmother is_______to need a doctor.
A.too ill B.ill enough C.so ill D.enough ill
11.He said the TV set was_______than he wanted.
A.fairly larger B.rather larger C.rather large D.fairly large
12.I don’t know him_______to ask for help.
A.well enough B.good enough C.enough surely D.enough well
13.The speaker said_______nothing worth listening to.
A.almost B.nearly C.hardly D.mostly
14.John_______told his teacher all about the matter.
A.maybe B.probably C.possibly D.perhaps
15.Of all our school activities,I like dancing_______.
A.most B.best of all C.best D.all the best
16.Our physics professor went_______two days ago.
A.to abroad B.in abroad C.to the abroad D.abroad
17.-Where is Li Ping?
-He is working_______.
A.upstairs B.in upstairs C.at the upstairs D.for the upstairs
18.Smoking is so bad for his health that he doesn’t smoke_______.
A.no longer B.no more C.any longer D.any more
19.We must leave at once,_______we’ll miss the train.
A.so B.then C.otherwise D.and
20.We don’t know much about mathematics_______.
A.too B.neither C.also D.either
21.He is_______thinking of how to make more money.
A.always B.usually C.often D.ever
22.What do you know the strike broke_______for?
A.up B.out C.down D.on
23.It is_______that his article is_______perfect.
A.sure;very B.right;rather C.certain;quite D.exact;fairly
24.-Is the bus stop far from here?
-It’s a quarter’s walk,_______.
A.more and more B.and so on C.all together D.more and less
25.The sports shoes are_______for me.
A.a little too small B.a little small to
C.too small a little D.too a little small
26.-Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?
-No,I would gladly have paid_______for it.
A.twice so much B.twice as much C.as much twice D.so much twice
27._______,the medical team is made up of twelve doctors.
A.Altogether B.Entirely C.Completely D.Wholly
28.I don’t often get sick,but_______I do catch cold.
A.here and there B.again and again
C.now and then D.over and over
29.When you drive home,you can’t be_______careful.
A.very B.too C.so D.only
30.Though he failed in the experiment,_______he didn’t give up.
A.but B.and yet C.yet D.still
參考答案
形容詞
1-10 DCAAC DDBAB 11-20 DCABD CADBC 21-30 ABCDB BCCCA 31-35 BBCDB
副詞
1-10 DDABC DACDB 11-20 CAABC DABCD 21-30 ABBDC AACBA