Unit 16 Scientists at work
Teaching aims and demands
Goals:
1. Learn to express the student’s everyday life, especially their life on science study.
2. Train the student’s listening ability.
3. Improving the students speaking ability by debating with each other and describing.
4. Study the language points connected with the dialogue.
Useful expressions:
This is an experiment in/of _______. We can see_________. From this experiment, we know that ________./The experiment shows( suggests) that ______.
Advantages Disadvantages
It is good for the economy
It can help many people in the future
It is clean and does not pollute the air
It is important for science
It brings people more comfort. It is too expensive
It is dangerous or bad for your health
It is bad for the environment.
It is unnecessary
Some people will use it for other things
Useful Words and Phrases:
physics, electrification, rub attracted , boiling of water, chemistry, test tube, steam, heated, drops of water, biology, covers, lack of oxygen, cloned mammal， be cloned， gene， free of the disease， face-to-face contact， depressed， medium， communication online， rocket，astronauts， weightlessness，gravity
Grammar: Word Formation: Compounds
Teaching plan I
Step 1
1. Presentation
When you are talking about studying, almost all of you think that studying can only happen in the classroom, and it only means listening to the teachers’ explanation. But there can be many means to study. For example, studying in the lab, reading the books by yourself. Now turn to page 22. And try to describe the four pictures listed in your text book.
2. After describing the pictures, let the students answer the following question.
(1) What are the names of the school subjects in which you study sciences?
(2) Give an example of what you learn about for each field of science.
(3) What are the rules when you do the experiments in the lab?
3. Brainstorming:
Ask the Ss to speak out words as many as possible according to the giving words.
Step 2
Listen to the tape and try to answer the exercises.
Step 3
Tell the differences between the rules they have talked about and the one listed in the tape. Then get to know the important to keep safe in the lab.
Step 4
Talk about the effect of the science of technology. Let the students know the application of science and technology does good to our society, at the same time , it also harm to the human beings or the environment.
Step 5
Practice in pairs to talk about some advantage and disadvantage of the scientific discoveries and applications listed in the book.
Step 6
Ask some pairs of students to act their dialogue out before their classmates.
Step 7
Deal with the language points.
Step 8
Make a conclusion of their performance.
Step 9
Do the exercise in the workbook.
Homework
1. Finish doing the listening exercise on workbook.
2. Prepare for the reading text.
Teaching plan II for Reading
Step 1: Pre-reading
We all know that it is the scientists’ great effort that makes the great achievement on science. Could you name some scientists’ names? And what are they famous for? Try to fill in the blanks of the following form, if you。Can’ t, ask your classmate to help you．
Form: in the 18th & 19th centuries scientists all over the world made many important discoveries．
Give some example． ／Physics／Medicine／Chemistry／Biology
Step 2：Presentation
As we all know ,Benjamin Franklin is a famous politician．But today, we will read a passage about him as a scientist. His serious attitude to science .Let’ s see how Franklin made his famous electricity experiment by flying a kite．
Step 3
Get the students read the test and then decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. In 1752 scientists already knew what electricity is.
2. Franklin was helped by a friend to do the experiment.
3. Franklin made the kite of silk because wet silk does not conduct electricity.
4. A condenser was used in the experiment to store electricity.
5. The key tied to the string was put into the door to stop he kite from flying away.
參考答案 1．T 2．F 3．F 4．T 5．F
Step 4
Ask the Ss to read the test and complete the table below
Title Experimenter’s name
Purpose:
Procedure:
Things needed: _______ ________ ________ _________
Three steps : _____________________________
______________________________
______________________________
Things which should be taken care:
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
Results:
Conclusion:
Step 5 Read he passage and then find out the main idea．
Paragraph 1 Introduction of Franklin’s experiment．
Paragraph 2-3 The process Of出e experiment．
Paragraph 4-6 The tip of doing the experiment．
Step 6
Deal with the language points. Ask the students to pick out the useful expression from the text, give them more examples, and do some exercises to practice the language points.
1. Advantage n[c] condition that gives one superiority or success.
He has the advantage of winning this game.他有取勝的優(yōu)勢(shì).
Her education gives her certain advantages over the students in her class.她所受的教育使她在班上有一定優(yōu)勢(shì).
[u] benefit ; profit 益處;利益
There is little advantage in buying a dictionary if you can’t read.假如你不認(rèn)識(shí)的字的話(huà),買(mǎi)字典毫無(wú)用處.
常用短語(yǔ)Take advantage of sb./sth make good use of sb./sth 充分利用某人或某事.
They took advantage of the hotel’s facilities.他們充分利用了酒店設(shè)施.
She looks advantage of my generosity.她利用了我的慷慨.
Advantage 反義詞是disadvantage: unfavorable condition
2. Successful having the effect or result you intended
The enemy tried to take the town but were not successful.
Be successful in persuading him to change his mind?敵人企圖占領(lǐng)這個(gè)城市,但是沒(méi)有成功.
He was successful in politics.他是名成功的政治家.
Did you have any success in working out the problem?
動(dòng)詞形式是succeed與fail相反，succeed in doing sth．
he succeeded in getting what he wanted．他如愿以?xún)敗?/p>
3．conduct
(1)vt．lead or guide (sb./sth．)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)
I asked the attendant to conduct him to the door．我請(qǐng)服務(wù)員帶他到門(mén)口。
The guide conducted us round the park．導(dǎo)游帶我們到公園轉(zhuǎn)了一圈。
(2)vi．direct；control指揮；控制；主持
She was asked conduct the meeting．她受命主持會(huì)議。
(3)vt．Direct the performance of指揮(樂(lè)隊(duì))
John conducted the concert yesterday．約翰昨天指揮了音樂(lè)會(huì)。
(4)conduct oneself well／badly，behave in a specified way．
How did the prisoner conduct himself?這名犯人做了什么?
(5)vt．Allow (heat，electricity，etc．)to pass along to through it
Copper conducts electricity better than other materials do．銅導(dǎo)電能力比其他材料要強(qiáng)一些。
(6)n．[u]behavior行為
The reporter was criticized for his unprofessional conduct．這位記者的違背職業(yè)道德的行為受到批評(píng)。
4．change v．
(1)ask(an amount)as a price要價(jià)
How much do you change for mending shoes?修鞋需要多少錢(qián)?
(2)store electricity充電
If the light comes on，the battery isn’t changing．燈亮了，電池就不充電了。
(3)rush in a specific direction沖向
The children charged down the stairs．孩子們沖向樓下。
(4)accuse sb．of sth指控
He was changed with murder．他被指控謀殺。
She changed me with looking down on her．她指責(zé)我蔑視她。
5．Prove vt & vi give proof of；show to be true證明，證實(shí)
(1)后面跟名詞。
He has proved his courage in battle．他在戰(zhàn)斗中證實(shí)了他的勇敢。
The new typist proved (to be) his in competence．那位新來(lái)的打字員不勝任工作。
(2)后面跟形容詞
The machine proves valuable．這機(jī)器證明是有價(jià)值的。
The report proved(to be)true．那份報(bào)告被證明是真實(shí)的。
(3)后面跟that從句
It proved that he was a thief．這證實(shí)了他是一個(gè)小偷。
The fact will prove that we are telling the truth．事實(shí)將證明我們講的是實(shí)話(huà)。
Can you prove that he is innocent of the crime?你能證明他無(wú)罪嗎?
(4)后面可接動(dòng)詞不定式
My advice proved to be wrong．我的建議被證明是錯(cuò)的。
He proved himself to be amusing companion．他證實(shí)了自己是個(gè)有趣伙伴.
6．tear
(1)vt/vi pull sth. forcibly apart
He tore his shirt on a nail．他的襯衣讓釘子掛破了。
Careful the paper is very old and tears easily．小心．這張紙很舊了，容易被撕破。
(2)tea rsth．down,bring sth．to the ground by pulling sharply拆除，
They’re tearing down these old houses to build a new office block. 他們正在拆除舊房子以建議一座最新的辦公樓。
He eyes filled with tears．他眼里充滿(mǎn)了淚水。
7．control
(1)n．[ul power or authority to direct控制
I have no control over／of him．我控制不了他。
They were fighting bravely for the control of the city．他們?yōu)榭刂颇亲鞘卸赂业刈鲬?zhàn)“
表示“控制系統(tǒng)，控制措施”時(shí)，常用作復(fù)數(shù)，
如controls of the plane飛機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)
He government’s wage control政府的工資控制措施
常用短語(yǔ) beyond control無(wú)法控制
In control控制著 lose control of失去對(duì)……的控制
Out of control失控 under control控制中
(2)v．have power or authority over控制
Can’t you control that child?你管不住那個(gè)小孩子嗎?
He controlled his anger and explained it again．他控制住了怒火，重新解釋了一次。
8．Sense n.
(1)[c]may of the five powers of the body by which a person，an animal，etc．receive knowledge of things in the world around感覺(jué)官能
He has a keen sense of hearing.他聽(tīng)覺(jué)靈敏。
(2)[u] appreciation and understanding of the value or worth of sth．(對(duì)價(jià)值的)辨別；理解，領(lǐng)悟
She has no sense of humor．她沒(méi)有幽默感。
He is easy to lose his way because he has no Sense of direction．因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有方向感，他經(jīng)常迷路。
9．Doubt
(1) vt．Feel uncertain 懷疑
I doubted my own eyes．我懷疑自己的眼睛。
Do you doubt my words?你懷疑我的話(huà)嗎?
肯定句中通常接whether，if引導(dǎo)的從句。
I doubted whether／if the story was true．我懷疑這故事是否真實(shí)。
I doubt whether he will come．我不敢肯定他來(lái)不來(lái)。
否定和疑問(wèn)句后面則接that引導(dǎo)的從句。
I don’t doubt that he will help me．我相信他會(huì)幫助我的。
I don’t doubt that we will win the game．我確信我們會(huì)贏。
(2)n．uncertainty or disbelief懷疑
There’s some doubt about his suitability for the job．他是否適合該工作有些疑問(wèn)。
There’s no room for doubt．沒(méi)有懷疑的余地。
His recovery is still in doubt.
10. cruel adj. merciless殘忍的
He is a cruel dictator.他是個(gè)殘暴的獨(dú)裁者.
Be cruel to sb./sth.
Don’t be cruel to animals.不要虐待動(dòng)物.
11. in one’s opinion 依…看法/觀點(diǎn)
In my opinion, he has gone mad.
In my opinion, we should have finished working yesterday.
12. a waste of sth.浪費(fèi)做事
Be a waste of time/money/effort ect.
To be not worth the time, money etc. that you use because there is little or no result.
It’s a waste of time your talking to him.和他談話(huà)是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間.
Watching that programme on television was a waste of time.看那個(gè)節(jié)目是浪費(fèi)錢(qián).
13. much too
Too常用來(lái)修飾形容詞名副詞, “太…” “過(guò)于…”.如果在too前面加上much,則可以表示程度,意為”實(shí)在過(guò)于…”, “實(shí)在太…”.much too比too的語(yǔ)氣要更強(qiáng)烈一些.
You are much too kind to us.他做事實(shí)在是過(guò)于謹(jǐn)慎.
You are too kind to us.他做事過(guò)于謹(jǐn)慎.
He acts too carefully.他做事非常謹(jǐn)慎.
除了much以外,還可以在too前面加上a little 以表示程度,意為”過(guò)于…一點(diǎn)”;如果too后面所跟的是many,也可以用數(shù)詞修飾too以表示程度.
The boy wore a suit a little too large for him.那男孩子穿著一套過(guò)于太大一點(diǎn)的衣服.
You gave me three too many.有多給了我三個(gè).
14. in the future
In the future= in time yet to come 指較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的將來(lái),并且指的是全部的將來(lái),
常用短語(yǔ)：beyond doubt：certainly無(wú)疑地
In doubt：uncertain不確定地
his beyond doubt that he will come．無(wú)疑地他會(huì)來(lái)的。
In the near／distant future在不久(很久)的將來(lái)
Be careful in future．今后小心點(diǎn)。
NO one knows what will happen in the future．誰(shuí)也不知道將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。
For the future，by to live a better live．今后要想辦法生活得更好一點(diǎn)。
We will realize this dream in the near future．不久以后，我們就會(huì)夢(mèng)想成真。
15．Make use of= use使用，利用
We make use of electricity every day．我們每天使用電力。
Make good use of your time．好好利用你的時(shí)間。
Can you make use of this kind of machine?你能使用這種機(jī)器嗎?
16．Be bad for sth．= do harm to sth．對(duì)……有害
Reading in the sun is bad for the eyes．
在太陽(yáng)下讀書(shū)對(duì)眼睛有害。
Smoking is certainly bad for health．
吸煙肯定有害于身體健康。
Too many sweets are bad for your teeth．
17．Feel
(1) seem to the touch
feel是不及物動(dòng)詞，也叫“半系動(dòng)詞”，意思是“摸起來(lái)(有某種感覺(jué))”，這時(shí)feel之后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)一般是事物。
You feet feel cold．
你的腳摸起來(lái)很涼。
(2)The cloth feels soft．
這種布摸起來(lái)很柔軟。
類(lèi)似feel這種用法的動(dòng)詞有taste，smell，sound。
The milk tastes(不能用is tasted) sour．
這牛奶嘗起來(lái)有酸味。
Roses smell(不能用are smelled) sweet．
玫瑰花聞起來(lái)是香的。
The music sounds sweet．
這音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)悅耳。
The price sounds reasonable．
價(jià)格聽(tīng)起來(lái)合理。
(2)be感到，覺(jué)得，主語(yǔ)一般是人。
I felt very excited when I heard the news than YangLiwei has returned to the earth safely．
當(dāng)聽(tīng)到楊利偉安全返回地球的消息時(shí)我非常激動(dòng)，
Don’t feel nervous if you Can’t answer one question when in an exam．
考試時(shí)不答題時(shí)不要緊張。
(3)Don’t you feel sad that so many firemen died in the big fire in Hunan?
湖南這么多的消防員在大火中犧牲，難道你不傷心嗎?
18．a(chǎn) great deal of=much a lot of很多，大量
A great deal of后面只可以接不可數(shù)名詞。
It takes us a great deal of money to bay this new house．
買(mǎi)這套新房子花掉我們很多錢(qián)。
He seems to have a good／great deal of money
他好像有很多錢(qián)。
只修飾可數(shù)名詞的形容詞或詞組有a great many，many，a number of，quite a few。
只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的形容詞或詞組有：much；a great deal；a large amount of，quite a little。
既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的形容詞或詞組有：a lot of；lots of；plenty of，a great quantity of，a great deal可用作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于a lot，much。
A car runs a great deal faster than a bike．
汽車(chē)要比自行車(chē)快得多。
We see each other a great deal．
我們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)面。
19．Be made
(1)be made of“由……制成”，原材料仍然可以看得出來(lái)
The bridge is made of stone．
這橋是石頭砌的。
The chain is made of sold．
這鏈子是由金子制成的。
(2)be made from“由……制成”，原材料已看不出來(lái)
Paper is made from grass．
紙是由草做的。
(3)be made in“由……制造”一般后跟地點(diǎn)．
The machine is made in China．
這機(jī)器是中國(guó)制造的。
(4)be made into“使……(原料)制……成品”
Iron is in made into steel．
鐵煉成鋼。
20．Tie… to．．．把……系在……上
He tied a horse to the tree．
他把馬系在樹(shù)上。
Tie the boat to the dock．
把船拴在碼頭上。
tie的其他用法
(1)v．①~sth．(on)attach sth．by means of its string etc．系牢，系上
This coat is tied on Jeanwest label．
這件外套標(biāo)有真維斯的商標(biāo)。
②~(sb．) (with sb．)(for sth．)make the same score as。得分相同(通常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
Britain are fled with Italy for second place．
英國(guó)隊(duì)和意大利隊(duì)并列第二。
③tie sb~／oneself down(to sth．)restrict sb．／oneself約束
Children do tie you down．Don’t they?
孩子簡(jiǎn)直把你拖累住了吧?
Don’t de yourself down to SO much work．
不要被這么多工作拖累了自己。
(2)n，領(lǐng)帶；繩索；連接物
Ibis he doesn’t look good．
這條領(lǐng)帶看上去不怎么樣。
this company has ties with an American corporation．
該公司與美國(guó)一家公司有關(guān)系。
21．a(chǎn)dd．．．to．．．給……增添(加)……
Add 5 to 3 and you get 8．
3加5得8。
Please add the note to the poster．
請(qǐng)?jiān)诤?bào)上加上這一條。
Please add the sugar to your milk．
請(qǐng)往牛奶里加些糖。
add“增加；添加”；“補(bǔ)充說(shuō)”；“接著說(shuō)”
The fire is going out．Would you please add some wood?
火要熄滅了，加點(diǎn)柴好嗎?
The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with his stay in China，adding that he would visit China again in the near future
那位來(lái)訪(fǎng)的部長(zhǎng)對(duì)他在中國(guó)的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)感到非常滿(mǎn)意，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，他將在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)再次來(lái)中國(guó)訪(fǎng)問(wèn).
有關(guān)add的短語(yǔ)和詞組
Add to“增到；增添”
I believe this visit will add to the friendship between our two countries．
Step 7
Play he tape for the students to listen and follow．
Step 8
Students make a conclusion of de process of Franklin’s experiment and retell the tips of doing the experiment．
Step 9
Do the exercises in the post-reading.
單句改錯(cuò)
1．A great number of milk is produced in that factory every day．
2．Paper is made of a certain in kind of grass．
3．This cloth is felt smooth．
4．Use an umbrella to prevent you from the rain．
5．It is important of us to learn English.
參考答案 1．number改為deal 2．of改為from 3．Is felt改為feels 4．prevent改為protect 5．of改為for
Homework
1. Ask the Ss to remember to new words and phrases learned in class.
2. Finish doing the vocabulary exercises both on student book and workbook.
3. Prepare for the part of Grammar.
Teaching plan III for Language study
Step 1 Presentation
After having learnt many words, we find that some words have more than one part or speech or a meaning. For example, bank can lean not only the ground near a river, but also the establishment for keeping money . It is one factor of words and we may find that if some words are combined, a new word come into being. Today we’ll talk about these two phenomena.
Step 2
Come to the word study, and finish the work.
Step 3
Let the students think more examples of words that have more than one meaning. Then make a conclusion to help them to decide word meaning in a specific situation.
Step 4
Come to grammar, and finish to exercise.
Step 5
Talk about the word formation, especially compounds. And the noun compounds and adjective compounds.
Step 6
Let the students talk about some compound words then conclude the conditions.
Step 7
Distinguish acceptation and part of speech of the following words.
1．Ache
(1) He has an ache in his chest.
(2) I am aching all over.
2．Shock
(1) The shock of the blast shattered many windows.
(2) I was shocked at the news of her death.
(3) The result of the election came as a shock to us all.
3．Order
(1) Get your ideas into some kind of order before beginning to write.
(2) He gave his order to the waiter.
4. Lie
(1) Our school lies in Anqing.
(2) He tells a lie to his teacher.
5. Like
(1) I like the one on the left.
(2) They are not twins, but they’re very Michael Jackson.
參考答案：
1. (1) n continuous and dull pain 疼痛
(2) v suffer from a continuous dull pain 持續(xù)地隱隱作痛
2. (1) n violent blow or shake 強(qiáng)烈的沖擊或震動(dòng)
(2) v cause to feel surprised 震驚
(3) n. sudden violent disturbance of the mind and emotions 震驚
3. (1) n. condition in which everything is carefully and neatly arranged 整齊
(2) Request to make or supply 訂購(gòu)，訂單
(3) command 命令
4. (1) exist, be 位于
(2) statement one knows to be untrue 謊言
Homework:
1. Ask the students to finish doing Grammar Exercise on workbook.
2. Prepare for integrating skills
Teaching plan IV for Integrating Skills
Step 1. Ask the Ss to discuss the following questions.
1. How many parts does an argumentative assay usually have? What are the parts called?
2. What is mainly written about in the beginning paragraph?
3. What is usually written about in the next paragraph?
4. What is usually written about to develop the second paragraph?
5. What is usually written about to make a conclusion?
Step 2. After the discussion, the topic can be conducted to two subjects: For animal testing and Against animal testing. The Ss can refer to the reading material to collect some information.
Step 3. Ask the Ss to read the passage about animal experiments and help them clarify
the meaning of the text. They should understand that animal rights activists are people
who fight for the rights of animals.
Step 4. Each part of the text can be extended in depth to enhance the Ss understanding
and felling towards the topics. For example, they can be asked to list more products
that have been tested on animals eg: Food products, Medicine, other.
Step 5. Ask the Ss to make a list of animals used for such experiments: mice, rats,
rabbits, cats, dogs, monkeys, etc.
Step 6. Debating.
Topic
For side：We should test medicines on animals
Against side： We should not test medicines on animals
Debaters
For side：
Against side：
STATEMENTS
Sentences for reference;
Good afternoon，ladies and gentlemen，our point of view is that…
So as I mentioned about …, it is very very important in the role of animals．
First I want to explain our opinion about this．We think
FREE DEBATE
Well，thank you，Chairman，and to our opponents．You have mentioned the importance for …
Don't you think so？Thank you．
I should like to correct one thing，the against friend said，“…”It doesn't mean …
SUMMARY
Good afternoon，just now，we talked a lot about…． First，we all agree ….Well，and second，let's take a look at …
Thank you，Chairman，here I should declare that our point of view is that …and so I would like to say again our point of view is that …．Thank you．
Homework:
Read the reading passage on workbook and finish the exercises.
Teaching plan VI for Exercises and Revision
Step 1. Check the Ss’ work to make sure if they have finished their homework.
Step 2. Proofread the answers of the exercises on workbook.
Step 3. Let the student ask questions if they get problems while doing the exercises.
Step 4. Review the useful expressions:
This is an experiment in/of _______. We can see_________. From this experiment, we know that ________./The experiment shows( suggests) that ______.
Advantages Disadvantages
It is good for the economy
It can help many people in the future
It is clean and does not pollute the air
It is important for science
It brings people more comfort. It is too expensive
It is dangerous or bad for your health
It is bad for the environment.
It is unnecessary
Some people will use it for other things
Step 5. Review the useful Phrases:
physics, electrification, rub attracted , boiling of water, chemistry, test tube, steam, heated, drops of water, biology, covers, lack of oxygen, cloned mammal， be cloned， gene， free of the disease， face-to-face contact， depressed， medium， communication online， rocket，astronauts， weightlessness，gravity
Step 6. Review the grammar: Word Formation: Compounds
Step 7. Homework
1. Remember the new words and phrases of this unit.
2. Ask the Ss to write an argument essay in their exercise book.