一. 單元詞語知識：
1. base
（1）n. [C]基礎；底座；基地；根據地
In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.
在1849年，他去了英格蘭并將倫敦作為他革命工作的基地。
（2）vt. 基于；把……建立在……上；以……為基礎；根據
The story is based on a true story.
base one’s opinion（up）on the facts把自己的觀點建立在真實的基礎上
There’s a house the base of the mountain.
A. in B. over C. at D. by
2. however
1）（無比較級）adv.
（1）（作how的強調形式）怎么竟會
However did you make such a mistake? 你怎么竟會犯這樣的錯誤？
（2）（作連接性副詞）不管……如何；多么……（可修飾形容詞、副詞，后須緊跟形容詞或副詞，句子應該半倒裝=no matter how）
However hard he tried, he couldn’t remember the text.
不論他多么努力，他也不能熟記課文。
（3）（起副詞作用）但是；可是；不過（多插在句子中間，有時可放在句首或句尾，多用逗號與句子隔開）
① The Einsteins, however, couldn’t pay for the education that young Albert needed.
然而愛因斯坦夫婦付不起小阿爾伯特所需學費。
② I’d like to go with you, however, my hands are full.
我很想和你一塊去，但是我忙不過來。
2）conj. 怎么樣……都行（引起狀語從句）
He can go however he likes. 他愛怎么去就怎么去好了。
however與but
（1）but是連詞，連接兩個并列的分句，常置于句中，在but與分句之間沒有逗號。如：
① I like the film but I have no time to see it. 我喜歡這部影片，但是沒有時間去看。
② I’d like to go, but I’m too busy. 我想去，但太忙。
③ Excuse me, but can you tell me how to get to the station?
打擾一下，請告訴我到車站怎么走好嗎？
（2）however不能像but那樣直接連接兩個分句，必須另起一句。however在句中的位置非常靈活，可置于句首、句中或句末，常用逗號將however與句子隔開。如：
① She worked hard. However, she wasn’t successful.
她非常努力，（盡管如此）然而她沒有成功。
② He was mistaken, however. 然而他弄錯了。
③ There is, however, another side to this problem.
然而，這個問題還有它的另一面。
④ It’s raining hard. However, I decide to go out.
雨下得很大，然而我決定出去。
[例1] , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
[例2] However hard you , you will never succeed in pleasing her.
A. should try B. will try C. would try D. try
3. so that
so that既可引導目的狀語從句，也可以引導結果狀語從句。如：
（1）They stopped at Hangzhou so that they might visit the West Lake.
他們在杭州停留以便瀏覽西湖。（目的狀語從句）
（2）She had a raincoat, so that she was not wet.
她穿了雨衣，因而沒淋濕。（結果狀語從句）
so that用來引導目的狀語從句，從句中一般應該用may, can, will這類情態(tài)動詞；當它們用來引導結果狀語從句時，從句中有無情態(tài)動詞，應根據情況而定：用陳述語氣表示“實際結果”，一般不用情態(tài)動詞；若表示“可能的結果”，要用may；若表示“不可避免的結果”，則用must。如：
（1）You are careless in your studies so that you may fail.
你在學習上粗心，可能會不及格。
（2）You are very careless in your studies so that you must fail.
你在學習上粗心，一定會不及格。
[例1] As a teacher, I don’t think children can be given homework to do.
A. so little; so much B. such little; so much
C. such little; such much D. so little; such much
[例2] I hurried I wouldn’t be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
[例3] She spoke soft voice that we could hardly hear her.
A. such a B. in such C. in so D. in such a
4. in order to以便，為了
（1）He sat in front in order to look at the blackboard clearly.
他坐在前排，以便清楚地看見黑板。
（2）We started early in order to arrive before afternoon.
我們早早出發(fā)是為了在下午之前到達。
in order that / so that“以便”后跟從句；in order to與so as to在意思上是一樣的，但so as to一般不放在句首。
（1）We must get up early in order that / so that we can have enough time to have breakfast.
我們必須早點起床，以便有充足的時間吃早飯。
（2）In order to arrive there in time, he started at 6 o’clock in the morning.
為了及時到達那里，他早上六點鐘就出發(fā)了。
（3）I got up early in the morning in order not to / so as not to miss the first bus.
我們早晨早起，為了不錯過頭班公共汽車。
[例1] He got up early he could get there on time.
A. in order to B. in order that
C. so as to D. that
[例2] He started early catch the morning train.
A. in order to B. in order that
C. son as D. so that
5. measure
（1）n. 量度；尺寸
A meter is a measure of length. 公尺是長度的計量單位。
（2）措施
What measures are you going to take? 他們打算采取什么措施？
（3）vt. / vi. 測量；量
Please measure the baby. 請給小孩量一下身高。
to one’s measure 按照某人的尺寸
6. even if的用法
even if=even though即使；盡管。引導讓步狀語從句。如：
（1）They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功他們也會支持你。
（2）I am going to expose him, even if he is a friend of mine.
盡管他是我的朋友，我也要揭發(fā)他。
7. taste
taste的用法如下：
（1）taste作行為動詞，表示“品嘗”、“嘗味”。
Taste the fish and tell me whether you like it or not. 嘗嘗這魚，告訴我你是否喜歡。
（2）作連系動詞，意為“嘗起來……”，“有……味道”，后面接形容詞作表語。
This kind of food tastes good. 這種食物嘗起來味道不錯。
（3）作名詞，意為“味道”，“味覺”；“興趣”，“愛好”。
① I’ve got a cold and so I have no taste. 我傷風了，嘗不出味道。
② She has a taste for foreign travel. 她有到國外旅行的愛好。
③ Modern art is not to everyone’s taste. 現代藝術不見得合所有人的口味。
（1）能作連系動詞后接形容詞的還有：
sound聽起來 look看起來 smell聞起來 feel摸起來
① The music sounds wonderful. 這音樂聽起來美極了。
② The meat smells bad. 這肉變味了。
③ He looks quite strong. 他看起來很強壯。
④ The cloth feels soft. 這布料摸起來很柔軟。
（2）這五個連系動詞無被動語態(tài)，也不能用于進行時。
The music is sounded wonderful.
The music sounds wonderful.
[例1] Popular music is liked by many people, but it is not to everyone’s .
A. manners B. share C. smell D. taste
[例2] Apples, oranges and pears are famous, but which do you think tasts ?
A. most B. first C. best D. nicer
8. practise
vt. / vi. 實踐，練習
（1）用作vt。后接名詞或動名詞（不能接不定式）作賓語
① You should practise your spoken English. 你應該練習英語口語。
② They practise singing a new song. 他們正練習唱新歌。
（2）用作vi.如：
The team is practising for the match on Sunday. 這個隊正在為星期天的比賽訓練。
（3）這兩個詞只有一個字母之差，都解作“實踐”，“練習”，讀音也相同。practice是不可數名詞。例如：
You need more practice before you can play basketball for our team.
你需要更多的訓練，才能為我們隊打籃球。
（4）在美國英語里，practice也可用作動詞。意義上相當于practise。
（5）practise是動詞，可用作及物動詞或不及物動詞。用作及物動詞時，后接名詞，代詞或動詞-ing形式，但不能用動詞不定式作賓語。
例如：
① You won’t become a good singer if you don’t practise. 如果你不練習的話，你不會成為一名好歌手。
② You must practise this movement more. 你們必須多練習這個動作。
③ He practises speaking English every morning. 每天早上他練習講英語。
We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into .
A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
9. mix
（1）vt. / vi. 混和；攪和
The oxygen we breathe in mixes with our blood and gives us life. 我們吸入的氧氣和我們的血液相結合，給我們以生命。
（2）mixture n.混和物
Air is a mixture of gases. 空氣是多種氣體的混和物。
mix up拌和；攪勻；混淆
You should mixed up flour and water. 你們應當把面粉和水攪勻。
You can’t mix oil water.
A. with B. and C. of D. A and B
10. deal with和do with
（1）deal with“對付……”，“處理……”其中deal為不及物動詞
（2）do with“對付……”，“處理……”do是及物動詞
比較：
What will you do with the mater?
How shall we deal with the problem?
此外：deal with還可以作“論述”，“與……打交道”之意。
① His lecture at the conference will deal with first aid.
他在醫(yī)學會議上的發(fā)言將談到有關急救的問題。
② We have dealt with that company for 10 years. 我們同那家公司打了10年的交道。
11. likely和possible
這兩個詞的意思相似，用法上稍有區(qū)別。
likely的邏輯主語可以是sb.也可以是sth.；possible的邏輯主語不可以是sb.，即不能用sb. is possible to do sth. 結構。如：
① I’m likely to be very busy tomorrow. 明天我可能很忙。
② He is likely to come（or: It is likely that he will come.）他或許會來。
③ Do you think it’s likely to rain? 你認為可能下雨嗎？
④ It is possible that he will come soon. 他大概會來的。
It’s nearly ten o’clock and father walk in at any moment.
A. is possible to B. is maybe to
C. is likely to D. is able to
12. make+復合賓語
（1）make + 賓語+不帶to的不定式。這一結構表示的意思是“使某人做某事”。如：
① Taking some medicine made me feel much better.
服了這些藥使我感到好多了。
② In the old society, the landlord made the farmers work day and night.
舊社會地主讓農民不分白天黑夜的干活。
上述例句若變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，補語要用帶to的動詞不定式：
① I was made to feel much better by taking some medicine.
② The boy was made to stand under a tree.
③ In the old society, the farmers were made to work day and night.
（2）make+賓語+過去分詞。這一結構表示的意思是“使某人/某事被……”。例如：
① The speaker raised his voice in order to make himself heard.
發(fā)言人提高了嗓音以便別人聽到他說的話。
② We should not make our plan known to everybody.
我們不應該使每個人都知道我們的計劃。
③ She didn’t know French at all, so she couldn’t make herself understood.
她根本不懂法語，所以她不能表明自己的意思。
（3）make+賓語+形容詞。這一結構表示的意思是“使某人/某事成為……”。如：
① The interesting story made him very happy. 這個有趣的故事使他很高興。
② They have made the house clean and tidy. 他們把房子收拾得干凈而整潔。
③ The smoke made the room dirty. 煙將房子弄臟了。
13. in future與in the future
in future“今后”，是from now on的意思。
in the future“將來”，與將來時態(tài)連用。試比較：
① Be more careful in future. 今后要多加小心。
② She will become an able scientist after her graduation in the future.
將來她畢業(yè)之后會成為一個能干的科學家。
14. happen vi.
eg .
（1）Whatever happens , we must keep clam .
（2）He happened to be out then .
（3）It happened that I had no money with me .
△ happen to sb. happen to do sth.
△ 判斷正誤：
The accident was happened last night .
The accident happened last night .
辨析：happen，take place，occur
（1）happen指事情的發(fā)生，往往帶有“偶然”或“未能預見”的意思。
（2）take place指事先布置或策劃好而后發(fā)生，沒有“偶然”的意味，有時還有“舉行”的意思。
eg .
Write about the changes which have taken place in China .
（3）occur常指意外或預料中的事情發(fā)生。當主體指具體或確實發(fā)生的事件時，occur可與happen換用。但在表示否定意義時，以用occur為好。
eg .
（1）Many happy events occured during their visit to their birthplace .
（2）The accident happened yesterday .
（3）It occured to me that I had forgot to bring money .
15. hurt
（1）She hurt my feelings .
（2）I hurt my back when I fell .
hurt，injure，wound
判斷正誤：
① He badly hurt .（ ） He was badly hurt .（ ）
（3）He fell and hurt his arm . 他摔一跤，摔壞了胳膊。
（4）He was injured in a fire .
（5）The bullet wounded him in the leg .
△
（1）身體內部的受傷不能用wound
① His internal organs were injured / hurt .
（2）hurt的過去分詞能作表語，wounded和injured可以作表語和定語。
② I saw a hurt man . I saw an injure man .
（3）hurt可作為不及物動詞，表示“疼，難受”，其他兩詞不能。
③ My left foot hurts .
（4）injure和wound也可能對感情的傷害。
④ What he said injured me deeply .
（5）hurt的名詞是hurt，injure的名詞是injury , wound的名詞是wound。
16. a bit
（1）adv.
① My legs still hurt a bit .
② Jane thought she would lose weight by eating a bit less .
③ We like this model of TV , but its size is a bit too large for us .
（2）n.
④ There is no sugar in the box , but you may find a bit in the bag .
a bit of：
⑤ This is a bit of good advice .
⑥ She is not a bit tired though she works all day long in the office .
17. advise
（1）He advise an early start .
（2）The doctor advised me to take more exercise .
（3）I advise waiting till proper time .
（4）Will you advise me which one to buy ?
（5）I advise that he go at once .
（6）I will do as you advise .
△ advise sb.（not）to do sth. advise sb. against doing sth. advise sb. on sth.
注意：
（1）advise之后可接動名詞作賓語或接帶不定式的復合賓語；但不能接不定式作賓語。
（2）advise后接從句時，從句謂語要用虛擬語氣。
18. diet
（1）Proper diet and exercise are both important for health .
△ ① be on a diet
② I mustn’t have Chocolate . I’m on a diet .
辨析：diet，food
diet和food都可用“食物”解，但diet指的是習慣或規(guī)定的食物，特指維持健康的定量或定質的食物，如病人的療養(yǎng)飲食，而food是一般的用語，泛指所有可吃的東西。
eg .
① We must have food to eat and clothes to wear .
② Proper diet and exercise are both important to health .
19. main
（1）adj.
Can you follow the main points of his speech ?
（2）n.
The new house is not yet connected to the mains .
20. help
（1）n.
① Thank you for your help .
② The girl is now quite a help to her mother .
（2）vt.
① He often helps me .
② Help yourself to some fish .
③ The medicine helps a lot .
△ help out help sb. with sth. help yourself to … can’t help doing …
can’t help but do … with one’s help …
辨析：help sb.（to）do sth. 和help（to）do sth.
（1）help sb.（to）do sth. 幫助某人做某事
help“幫助”講，接帶to或不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，一般說來直接參與了幫助的行為，不定式前就省去to。
① He often helps me carry boxes .
② He helps my little son to learn English .
（2）help（to）do sth.
help接帶to或不帶to的不定式作賓語。
③ The book helps（to）learn your English .