一、教學目標與要求
通過本單元教學，學生復習第1～5單元出現的日常交際用語和語法；并圍繞環境保護和廢棄物處理這一題材，讓學生認識廢棄物的危害性和如何正確處理廢棄物，從而達到保護環境這一目的。
二、教學重點與難點
1．重要詞匯
remind, throw away, get rid of, treat, break up, break down, seek, sort ,hand out, paints, make room for,toy,side by side, soap,
active adj. 積極的；主動的；敏捷的
hopeless adj. 絕望的；無望的
throw away 扔掉
deal with 處理
get rid of 擺脫
depend on 依靠; 視……而定
break up 分解(物理變化)
be active in 在……積極
make an active effort 努力
take out 拿出, 去掉
compared with 與……比較
clean up 收拾; 整理
take up 吸收(水分); 溶解(固體)
2．重要句型
1)No matter how much you want to bathe, it just isn't safe．
2)Waste must be treated so that it does not become a danger to life．
3)It will be years before +從句．
3.日常交際用語 復習第1～5單元出現的日常交際用語
I'd rather do sth. I'd rather not do sth. I'd prefer...to...
Can I have some more chalk?
Well done.That's very good.
I (don't)like...
I'd like to do... I would hate to...
I hate doing sth.
4.重點語法
Revision of Past Participle, the V- ing Form and Noun Claues.
5.寫作要求
Rewrite the story in different persons.
課時安排：九課時學完本單元
Lesson 21
Step 1 Revision
1 Check the homework exercises.
2 Give the Ss a quick oral quiz to see how much the Ss remember about the sea.
Tell the name of two large oceans.What is the sea between Europe and Africa ?
Where is the Dead Sea ? Where is the saltiest lake in the world ?
Where is the world's longest coral bed ?
Step 2 Presentation
SB Page 31,Part 1. Teach the new world waste.Ask questions about the picture,and get the Ss to tell what they think is happening.
Step 3 Reading
Get the Ss read the dialogue silently and find out this information:
What are the school children going to look for ?
What are they planning to do after this ?
What is the problem ?
Step 4 Deal with some language points
1.party的用法
party（n．）除表示"黨"，"娛樂性的聚會，晚會"外，還作"（進行某活動的）一伙人"解（ =a group of people doing something together），a party of＋n．意為一伙……。如：
①We must follow the party line. 我們應遵循黨的路線。
②That is why I am giving this party tonight.
這就是我今晚舉行宴會的原因。
③ A party of school children is going to France. 一群學生正前往法國。
④Half-way up the mountain we met another party of people climbing down.
上山的中途我們遇見另一群正在下山的人。
⑤ A rescue party has been sent out to bring back the injured workers.
已經派出一支營救隊去把受傷的工人接回來。
⑥There are twenty in all in the party travelling in Nanjing.
在南京的旅游團總共有20人。
2．gather['g$J+]的用法
gather既可用作及物動詞，意為"使聚集"（＝cause to come together）；"采集（花等）"（=pick[flowers，etc.]）；"收（莊稼等）"；也可用作不及物動詞，意為"聚集，集合"（＝come together）。例如：
①The teacher gathered the students around him.
老師將學生聚集在他周圍。
②We are gathering materials to get ready for an article.
我們在為寫文章搜集材料。
③They are gathering flowers in the garden. 他們在花園里采花。
④We usually help the peasants to gather the rice.
我們通常幫助農民收水稻。
⑤Many people gathered to listen to the speech.
有很多人聚攏來聽報告。
3. Let me remind you what we are looking for.我來提醒大家一下我們要找的東西。
remind vt. - to make someone think about something they might have forgotten提醒；使人們想起（可能忘記的事）
If I forget, please remind me.如果我忘了，請提醒我。
Please remind me that I must call him up before noon.請提醒我在中午之前給他打個電話。
4. I suppose it's better to be safe than sick.我想平安總比生病好。
suppose 意為"想，認為，猜測"；(同義詞：think, guess)
I suppose that is my fault.我想那是我的錯。
I don't suppose I'll trouble you again.我想我不會再來麻煩你了。
He supposed it was too late to change his mind.他想改變主意已為時太晚。
Who could have supposed you were going to do such a thing?
誰會想到你竟要做這樣一件事呢？
suppose還常用于插入語中，如：
You don't mind my smoking, I suppose?我想你不介意我抽支煙吧？
What do you suppose that dance is?你認為那是什么舞蹈？
5．It looks as if/as though +clause結構中look是連系動詞，意為看起來，似乎，后面的從句中謂語多用直陳語氣，有時也可用虛擬語氣。如：
①It looks as if they are all in a terrible hurry. 看上去他們極為匆忙。
②It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨。
③It looks as though we shall have to do the work ourselves.
看來我們只得親自做這工作。
④It looks as if he didn't know anything about the secret.
看來他對這個秘密一無所知。
▲sb. ＋look as if/as though＋clause意為某人看上去，似乎……，后面的從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，也可以用直陳語氣。如：
①He looked as though he were from the country.
他看上去似乎來自農村。（事實上他并非來自農村）
②You look as if you didn't care. 你似乎并不在乎。（實際上你很在乎）
▲look（link-v. ）后面除接as if/as though從句外，還常接形容詞、分詞、名詞、介詞短語等作表語。如：
①He was not a very big man, but he looked strong.
他身材并不高大，但看上去很健壯。
②He looked startled when his nephew came in.
當他外甥進來時，他看上去大吃一驚。
③He looked a perfect fool. 他看上去是個大傻瓜。
④You looked in splendid health. 你看上去健康狀況極佳。
⑤She looked to be a young woman of twenty. 她看上去有二十來歲。
⑥The weather does not look like clearing up. 天氣看來不會晴朗。
6．sb./sth. ＋not +adj. /adv. ＋enough +動詞不定式結構意為某人、某物不夠……，（以致）不能……。如：
①The boy is not old enough to go to school. (＝ The boy is too young to go to school. )小男孩未到上學年齡。
②She didn't run fast enough to catch up with you. (=She ran too slowly to catch up with you. )她跑得不夠快，趕不上你。
③The coat is not large enough for you to wear. (=The coat is too small for you to wear. )外套太小，你穿不上。
▲如果這個結構中去掉not，則成了sb. /sth. +adj. /adv. ＋enough +動詞不定式，意為某人、某物足以……，（以致）能……。如：
①We were fortunate enough to get an empty car.
我們很幸運地租到一輛空車。
②I stayed long enough to make certain that the house was absolutely empty.
我呆得很久，以致能肯定那房子是空的。
7．It＋seems＋ that-clause結構表示判斷或猜測，意為看來（著重在從實際情況看來）。如：
①It seems that nobody knew what had happened.
看來沒有人知道發生了什么事。
②It seems (that) he was late for the train. 看來他誤了火車。
③It seemed to him that he had never worked so hard in his life.
他覺得自己一生中從未如此努力工作。
④It would seem (=It seems) that something is wrong. 看上去似乎有點毛病。
⑤It seemed that life for her was rather hard. 看來她當時生活很艱難。
It +seems +as if/as though +clause結構和剛剛論述的結構意義和用法差不多。如：
①It seems as if there will be an election soon. 看來不久將進行選舉。
②It seems as if we shall have to walk home. 看來我們得步行回家。
③It seems as if you are the first one here. 看來你似乎是第一個來客。
▲seem（link-v. ）后面除接that-clause或as if（as though）-clause外，還常接形容詞、分詞、名詞、介詞短語等作表語。如：
①She does not seem likely to get it from you.
她似乎不可能從你這兒得到它。
②She always seemed well pleased, happy and contented.
她看來總是高興、幸福和滿足。
③This seems to me a glorious life.
我覺得這看來是光榮的一生。
④You seem in high spirits, Mary. 你看上去情緒很高，瑪麗。
8．詞組no matter意為不管、無論，后面常跟who，what，when，where，how等連用，相當于whoever，whatever，whenever，wherever，however等，引出讓步狀語從句。如：
①No matter who knocks, don't open the door. (=Whoever knocks, don't open the door. ）不論誰敲門，你都不要開。
②No matter what happened, he would not say a word.(=Whatever happened, he would not say a word.)不論發生什么事，他都將保持沉默。
③No matter where you go, I'll go with you. (=Wherever you go, I'll go with you. ) 不管你上那兒，我都跟你去。
④No matter how loudly he shouted, he wouldn't be heard.(=However loudly he shouted, he wouldn't be heard.)無論他如何大聲叫嚷，都不能使別人聽
○5No matter how late he goes to bed, he always gets up early.
不管睡的多晚，他總是起得很早。
○6No matter who attend the conference, I'd like to stay at home.
不管是誰參加會議，我都要呆在家里。
○7No matter what you say, I won't believe you.
不管你說什么，我都不不相信你。
○8No matter how hard she worked, she couldn't satisfy her teacher.
不管她學習多么刻苦，她總是不能使老師滿意。
○9No matter where you go, you must work hard.
不管你上哪兒，都要努力工作。
Step 5 Practice
SB Page 31,Part 2.Practise the sentences orally with the whole class.Then demonstrate how Ss can use the phrases
on the right to replace the words in bold to make new sentences.
Step 6 Workbook
Wb Lesson 21,Exx.2 and 3.
Step 7 Consolidation
Get the Ss to practise the dialogue in pairs.See if they can do this with their books shut.
Step 8 Homework
Finish off the Workbook exercises.
Lesson 22
Step 1 Revision
1 Check the homework exercises.
2 Revise the dialogue in Lesson 21,paying special attention to internation.
Step 2 Pre-reading discussion
SB Page 32 The purpose of this phase is to make Ss aware of how much rubbish is produced and thrown away.
Demonstrate by making a list on the blackboard of the rubbish which is thrown away in your own house.
Step 3 Presentation
Get the Ss to talk about the picture and describe what they can see.
Step 4 Deal with some language points
1.waste的用法
1）adj．荒蕪的，無法利用的 waste land荒地
waste-paper-basket字紙簍，waste products廢物
2）waste[U] n．廢物，浪費。例如：
①With the development of modern agriculture and industry more and more waste is produced.
隨著現代工農業發展，越來越多的廢物產生了。
②There's too much waste in this house. 這一家人太浪費了。
▲waste還可用于下面結構中。
It's a waste of time/money/speech. 例如：
①It's a waste of time to wait any longer.
再等下去是白費時間。
②It's a waste of your speech talking to him.
跟他講話白費唇舌。
3）waste vt．浪費。例如：
①We mustn't waste a drop of water or a grain of rice.
一滴水一粒米我們都不應當浪費。
②All his efforts were wasted. 他全部努力都白費了。
▲waste作動詞，可用于下列結構：
waste sth . on(doing) sth . 在某事上浪費。
waste time (in) doing浪費時間做某事。例如：
①He wasted much of his time and money on playing cards.
打牌浪費了他的大量時間和金錢。
②Don't waste time talking to him, he won't change his plan.
別浪費時間跟他講了，他不會改變計劃的。
2. How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today.
get rid of除掉，擺脫,排除、擺脫、處理掉
①We must get rid of the bad habits. 我們必須去掉壞習慣。
②We must get rid of all our worries and have a good rest.
我們必須排除一切煩惱，好好休息一下。
③How can I get rid of my toothache?
我怎樣才能治好牙痛呢？
He cant' get rid of the cold.
④They asked us to get rid of these old cars.
他們要求我們把這些舊車處理掉。
⑤He is always troubling me. How can I get rid of him?
他總是給我找麻煩，我怎樣才能擺脫他呢？
⑥We'd better get rid of these old books and newspapers.
我們最好把這些舊書籍和報紙處理掉。
3. In many countries with sea coasts, human waste is poured directly into the sea without being treated.在許多有海岸的國家，人類的糞便沒經過處理就直接投入了大海。
without意為"不；沒有"，后跟名詞或V-ing形式。如：
He went to work without his breakfast.他沒吃早飯就上班去了。
She passed by without saying hello to me.她走了過去，竟然沒跟我打聲招呼。
Tom entered the room without being seen by anyone.湯姆在誰也沒看見的情況下進了屋
without[wi'Jaut] 后跟-ing的被動式，作方式狀語，表示"未經／被……"的意思。例如：
①He left the classroom without being permitted.
他未經許可就離開教室。
②She walked away from home on a dark night without being seen.
她在黑暗中離家出走，沒有被人看見。
③He was lucky; he escaped from the burning house without being injured.
他真幸運，他從著火的房子里逃了出來，沒有受傷
4. Although the sea breaks up the waste, beaches may become polluted and may not be safe to eat.雖然海水可分解廢物，但海灘會被污染，魚吃起來也會不安全。
break up意為"驅散"（=scatter），"打碎、拆散"（=separate or become separated into parts by breaking）。例如：
①The police came and broke up the meeting.
警察來了并驅散了這個會議。
② The meeting broke up in great confusion.
會議在一片混亂中散會。
③The ship was breaking up on the rock.
船在礁石上撞毀了。
④Where the soil becomes too hard , we break it up.
在土壤過硬的地方，我們就反它打碎。
⑤Sentences can be broken up into clauses, and clauses into phrases.
句子可以分成從句，從句有可分成短語。
5.be against的用法
be against意為"反對；違背"（＝be in opposition to）。例如：
①He was strongly against slavery.
他極力反對奴隸制。
②Anyone who is against the plan raise your hand.
任何反對這個計劃的人，請舉手。
③It's against our school rules for the girl students to wear necklace.
女生戴項鏈是違反我校校規的。
④Mary got married to Tom. It was against her parent's wishes.
瑪麗與湯姆結婚了，這是違背她父母愿望的。
⑤It is against your promise to go on smoking.
你繼續抽煙是違背你的諾言的。
【注意】be for意為"贊成"（=to support，to say yes to）。例如：
①Are you for the proposal or against it?
你是贊成這個建議還是反對它？
②The young people were strongly against the old teaching methods.
年輕人極力反對舊的教學方法。
③Is he for giving up the plan for travelling?
他贊成放棄這個旅行計劃嗎？
6.break down的用法
break down意為"分解"。例如：
①It is not easy to break down plastics and other similar rubbish.
塑料和其他類似垃圾不容易分解。
②Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.
糖和淀粉在胃中被分解。
③Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. 水可以分解成氫和氧。
▲break down 意為"壞了"。例如：
①When the pumps the broke down, they would repair them for us.
水泵壞了，他們就幫我們修。
②Their equipment frequently broke down.
他們的設備經常壞。
7. Other waste may be thrown into the sea, either 19 kilometers from land, or more than 40 kilometers from land, depending on the nature of the materials.其他的廢物可以倒入海中，或者離陸地１９公里，或者離陸地４０公里，這取決于材料的性質。
depend on依靠（＝rely on）；依賴；視……而定
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.兒女們依賴他們的父母供給衣食。
①The price of the computer depends on the quality.
電腦的價格依靠質量而定。
Price depends on the quality.價格依質量而定。
②Whether he can go to attend the meeting or not depends on the weather.
他是否能參加這次會議要依靠天氣情況而定。
Whether we'll go camping or not this weekend depends on the weather.
這個周末是否去露營要看天氣。
③Their success depends on their continuing effort.
他們的成功依賴于他們不懈的努力。
8.seek的用法
seek[si:k]意為"企圖，試圖"（＝to try；to make an attempt）。例如：
①We've never sought to hide our views.
我們從來不想隱瞞自己的觀點。
②They are seeking to attain the most advanced technological levels in the world.
他們正設法達到世界最先進的技術水平。
③It was no use seeking to persuade him to give up smoking.
企圖說服他戒煙是沒用的。
④We sought to change his mind but we failed.
我們試圖改變他的看法，但我們失敗了。
【注意】 seek還可以表示"征求，尋求，謀求，追求"。例如：
①Most men seek wealth; all men seek happiness.
多數人謀求財富，所有的人都謀求幸福。
②Our purpose was to seek friendship and cooperation.
我們的目的是尋求友誼和合作。
③You should seek advice from your parents on this problem.
在這個問題上你應該征求你父母的建議。
④He who seeks trouble never misses.
自找麻煩，肯定會碰到麻煩。（諺語）
9. The problem of dealing with waste has become so great that several international organizations have been set up to protect the world and to fight against pollution.處理廢物的問題變得如此重要以至于現在已經建立了好幾個國際組織，來保護世界和與污染作斗爭。
deal with對付；處理；與……打交道；論述；涉及
deal的過去式和過去分詞都是dealt。例如：
① I don't know how to deal with the problem.
我們不知道如何處理這個問題。
②At the beginning of this term, we'll have many difficulties to deal with.
這學期開始我們將有許多難題要解決。
③That matter needs to be dealt with. 那件事需要處理了。
▲deal with還可以作"對待；對付"解。例如：
④The old lady is hard to deal with. 那個老太太很難對付。
⑤What is the best way of dealing with the cruel enemy?
對付殘忍的敵人最好的辦法是什么？
【注意】deal with 還可以作"論述或談論（某問題）"解。例如：
①This book deals with problems of pollution.
這本書論述污染問題。
②He made a speech at the conference, dealing with folk music.
他在大會上做了一次演講，談民間音樂。
That matter has already been dealt with.那件事已經處理了。
The sick man was difficult to manage, but the nurse dealt with him all right.
這個病人不好管理，但那個護士對他卻很有辦法。
The article deals with the housing problem.這篇文章論述了住房問題。
10.She has also been very active in protecting the environment.
be active in在……方面積極
He is always active in politics.他總是積極從事于政治。
She has been very active in helping those disabled children.她一直積極致力于幫助殘疾孩子。
Step 5 Reading aloud
Play the tape of the text for the Ss to listen and follow.
Step 6 Text and activity
Introduce the next passage by miming the activity of throwing sth. away.
A throw-away society is a country which throws away a lot of rubbish.
Activity
The purpose of the activity is to develop the idea contained in the last Paragraph.
Get the Ss to work in groups of four and to caculate the rubbish totals for China.
Step 7 Workbook
Wb Lesson 22 Exx.1-4.
Step 8 Homework
Read the passages again and answer the questions in Ex. 1 without looking at the book.
Finish off the Wb exercises. Do Ex.2 as written work.
Lesson 23
Step 1 Revision
1 Check the homework exercises.
2 Do a brainstorm with the class.Ask for diferent types of rubbish that are thrown away and make a list on the Bb. Ask for different ways of dealing with the waste.
Step 2 Presentation for reading
Get the Ss to look at the picture and get the Ss to tell what they think is happening.
Step 3 Reading
Let the Ss read the passage carefully.Go through it with the Ss and deal with any languages .
1.reuse的用法
reuse意為"再利用"，其中前綴re-表示"再"（=again）。
【注意】與use有關的一些用法。例如：
①We should reuse the waste paper in order to save a lot of money.
為了節省大量資金，我們應該再利用廢紙。
②Retell the story in your own words. 用你自己的話重講這個故事。
③The waste water can be recycled. 廢水可以再循環使用。
④He used to get up very early. 他過去常常早起。
⑤We have already been used to the country life.
我們已經習慣于農村的生活。
⑥You will soon get used to living in the countryside.
你會很快習慣于在農村居住。
⑦Use your head, then you will have a good idea.
動動腦筋，你會有好主意的。
⑧It's useful for us to get some information about the computer.
獲取一些有關電腦方面的信息是有用的。
⑨It's no use crying over split milk.
牛奶潑地，哭也無益。
2.escape的用法
1）n．逃跑，逃脫；消遣，消遣物。例如：
①The thief jumped into a car and made his escape.
小偷跳進一輛汽車，逃之夭夭。
②He reads adventure stories as an escape.
他看冒險小說作為消遣。
2）v．逃跑，逃脫；漏出，逸出。常和from連用。例如：
①They escaped from the burning house.
他們從燃燒的屋中逃出來。
②Some gas is escaping from the pipe. 煤氣正從管道逸出。
▲當escape表示"逃避，避免"解時，后面要接 V-ing形式。例如：
①He narrowly escaped being drowned. 他差一點被淹死了。
Step 4 Discussion
Read aloud these questions.Then put the Ss in groups of four to discuss them.
Step 5 Practice
Go through the example with the Ss and show them what they have to do .
Answers:
1 Disappointed with the results of the experiment, she started a new one.
2 Separated at birth, the twins do not know each other.
3 Ruined by a bad business deal,he had to sell the house.
4 Being sentenced to death,Charles Darnay felt hopeless.
5 I love bread freshly baked. I love freshly-baked bread.
6 The city,defended by an army of 6,000 men,was difficult to take.
7 The precious necklace,stolen by a thief,was never found.
8 We found a beautifully dressed lady.
9 Defeated but still alive,they mangaed to escape in a boat.
Step 6 Practice
Do the first one with the whole class.
Answers:
1 What 2 why 3 where 4 How many 5 Whether 6 how 7 Who
8 that 9 whether 10 how many
Step 7 Workbook Wb Lesson 23 Exx.1-3.
Step 8 Homework
Finish off the homework exercises.
Do the exercise in Part 5 of the SB as written work.
Read the passage in Lesson23 and tell the main idea of it.
Lesson 24
Teaching Aims
1. Review the grammatical points and useful expression appearing from Unit 1 to Unit 5.
2. Do some listening.
Teaching Important points
1. Train the students'ability of listening.
2. The grammatical points.
Teaching steps
Step 1 Revision
1.Check the homework exercises.
2.Discuss about waste and pollution,using the questions in Wb Lesson 22,Ex.1 and Part 2 in SB Page 34.
Step 2. Checkpoint 6
Revise the grammar points in this unit.
1.take up的用法
take up意為"對……有興趣，從事（某事）（作為嗜好、事業等）"（＝interest oneself in; engage in sth. [as a hobby. business etc.]）。例如：
①His father takes up computers.
他爸爸從事電腦工作。
②They seem to be very much taken up with stamps.
他們似乎對郵票很感興趣。
2.stop[st&p]的用法
stop意為"制止，防止，阻止，妨礙"。例如：
①We must stop the disease (from) spreading.
我們一定要防止疾病蔓延。（from也可省略）
②I had to think of a way stopping him from following me around all the morning.
我得想辦法阻止他纏我整整一上午。
③This stopped the development of their own industries.
這妨礙了他們自己工業的發展。
【注意】類似 stop sb./sth. from doing sth. 結構的有： prevent sb. /sth. from doing sth. （這其中的from常可省略，但在被動句中則決不能省略。）；keep sb./sth. from doing sth. （其中的 from不可省略，否則一省略，意思正相反）。
例如：
①There's nothing that prevents you (from) going to bed if you want to.
如果你想去睡覺，沒有什么事會不讓你去（或你盡管睡去）。（句中from可省略，意思不變）
②The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match.
大雨沒能阻止他們看足球賽。
③The heavy rain didn't keep them watching the football match.
大雨使得他們不能繼續看足球賽。
④Hearing the words, he couldn't keep from laughing.
聽了這話，他不由得笑了起來。
3．clean up/clear up/tidy up (=put in order; make clean or tidy)意為："清理；整理"。例如：
①You should always clean up after a picnic.
野餐后你一要收拾干凈。
②He cleared up his room before they arrived.
在他們來之前，他先把房子整理一下。
③Clear/Tidy up the desk before you leave the office, will you?
離開辦公室之前，把辦公桌整理一下好嗎？
④I have to tidy myself up a bit. 我得梳理一下。
4．compared to 的用法
compared to 意為"和……比起來；與……相比"解。例如：
①VCD production this year increased by 50% compared to the last year.
和去年相比，今年VCD的產量提高了50%。
②Compared to 1997, the price of the computer has been reduced by 50%.
和1997年相比電腦的價格降低了50%。
③Compared to many other students, he was lucky enough.
和許多其他學生相比，他是夠幸運的了。
④It is a big place now compared to what it used to be.
和過去比起來，它現在是一個大地方了。
固定用法與辨析
1. 辨析gather與collect:
兩詞都表示"集中，歸攏"，但兩者有細微區別。
gather既可用于人，也可用于物。如：
gather flowers 采集花 gather one's ideas together集中思想。
collect很多場合與gather完全同義，但一般只用于物，指有選擇或有一定計劃將零散事物歸攏。如：
collect money: 籌募資金 gather money 攢錢。
2. 辨析seek 與search:
兩詞都表"搜尋"，但有差別。
seek指對高目標或抽象事物的追求。如：seek knowledge渴望知識。
而search指仔細尋找或檢查某地點或某人。如：
The police searched his house. 警察搜查了他的房子。
3. 辨析rubbish與refuse:
兩詞都表"廢物，垃圾"，但兩者有細微差別。
refuse指堆積在一起的破爛無用東西。如：
The refuse was unloaded at the city dump. 垃圾傾倒在城市的垃圾場上。
rubbish指垃圾特意集中起來以便清除掉，但不象refuse那樣成堆成批的存在，該詞也常用于比喻。如：
Put the rubbish into the fire. 把垃圾燒掉。 He talked a lot of rubbish. 他說了一大堆廢話。
4. 辨析sort of與a sort of:
sort of是口語用語，只能作狀語，放在所修飾的動詞、形容詞前，表示"有幾分，有點兒"。
I sort of thought you might do it. 我有幾分料到你會這么做。
a sort of 只作定語，表示"一種……"。如： a new sort of radio 一種新型收音機。
Step 3. Listening
Listening Cassette Unit 6.Do each exercises in turn. Play the tape, then let Ss discuss their answers in pairs, play the tape again if necessary, then check the answer with the whole class.
Step 4. Word study
Get the Ss to do this exercises individually, then check their answers in pairs. Go through the answers at the end.
Answers:
1. rubbish 2. solid 3. sank 4. techniques
5. seek 6. rid 7. active 8. gloves
9. tins 10. sort
Step 5. Workbook
Do exercises on workbook.
Step 6. Homework
Finish off the workbook exercises.
改錯
1． You had better make a mark which you have any questions. (which-where)
2． The girl spent as much as she could go over her lessons. (go-going)
3． You’re spending your time trying to persuade him,he’ll never join us. (spending-wasting)
4． The fact has to be faced where the nearest filling station is 30 kilometers away. (where-that)
5． It’s time you going to pick up your daughter from school. (going-went)
6． Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I can’t remember where. (where-which)
7． I won’t go to the party unless inviting to. (inviting-invited)
8． Only can he answer the question. (can he-he can)
9． It was in the street where he had his pocket picked. (where-that)
10. Look.They are practicing dancing on the music. (on-to)