Reference for Teaching
Ⅰ.異域風(fēng)情
Disabled People in Britain
In Britain there are about six million adults with one or more disabilities.About 400 000 (seven percent)of these live in communal establishments(公共住宅).Local social service authorities（當(dāng)局）provide certain kinds of personal and social services for disabled people and help them recover normal abilities of social life.They are also required to establish(確定)the number of disabled people in their area and to publicize(宣傳)services,which may include advice on personal and social problems with disability.Besides,they provide occupational, educational, social and recreational (娛樂(lè)的) facilities at day centers or wherever space is available(可供使用的).
The authorities may also provide adaptations(適合物)to homes(such as ways for wheelchairs and ground floor toilets),the delivery of cooked meals and help in the home.In case of social need,help may be given to set a telephone or a television.Local authorities and voluntary organizations may provide badly-disabled people with convenient houses or temporary facilities to allow those who look after them relief from their duties;and specially designed housing may be available for those able to look after themselves.
Many authorities provide free travel for disabled people on public transport,and they are very actively encouraged to provide special means of access to public buildings.Government regulations cover the provision of access for disabled people in the construction of new buildings.
Two new trusts(信托基金機(jī)構(gòu))were set up in April 1993 to replace the Independent Living Fund,which provided financial help to very severely disabled people who needed paid domestic(home)support,those once receiving help from the Fund.The second helps the most severely disabled people of working age to live independently in the community.
Ⅱ.知識(shí)歸納
1.would like的用法歸納
(1)would(should)like(love)是表示“意愿”的日常交際用語(yǔ)，意為“想要,愿意”，常用句式如下：
would (should) like (love) +名詞；
would (should) like (love) to do sth.;
would (should) like (love) to have done sth.;
(不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)使用不定式的完成式)
would(should)like (love) sb. to do sth.。如：
What would you like,a cup of tea or a glass of water?
你想要什么，茶還是水？
I would like to go swimming this afternoon.
今天下午我想去游泳。
I would like you to come a little earlier next time.
我希望你下次早些來(lái)。
（2）在使用would like時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
①would like的否定式是would not like或wouldn’t like。如：
I wouldn’t like to go to the theatre tonight.
今晚我不想去劇院。
②like與would like的區(qū)別是：like多指經(jīng)常性或一貫性的動(dòng)作，而would like多指暫時(shí)性或一次性的動(dòng)作。
試比較：Do you like coffee?
你喜歡咖啡嗎？
Would you like a cup of coffee?
你想喝杯咖啡嗎？
③I’d like to…是I would like to的常見(jiàn)省略式，也可看作I should like to的省略式。
2.prepare一詞用法歸納
(1)用作及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)備”。
e.g.The teacher prepared the exam.
教師為考試作準(zhǔn)備。
（2）用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“作好準(zhǔn)備”。
e.g.The students prepared for the exam.
學(xué)生們準(zhǔn)備考試。
（3）以下是和prepare搭配的一些短語(yǔ)，注意其用法。
①prepare for為……作好準(zhǔn)備
e.g.I am preparing for the trip.
我正在為這次旅行作準(zhǔn)備。
注：如果為某一行動(dòng)作準(zhǔn)備，需將for換成to。
e.g.We are preparing to receive foreign visitors.
我們正在準(zhǔn)備接待外賓。
②prepare sth. for sb.為某人準(zhǔn)備某物
e.g.We must prepare a welcome meeting for our guests.
我們必須為客人準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)歡迎會(huì)。
③be prepared for指“作好了準(zhǔn)備”，表示狀態(tài)。
e.g.They are well prepared for the examination.
對(duì)這次考試他們已經(jīng)作好了充分準(zhǔn)備。
④be prepared to do sth.指“準(zhǔn)備做某事”，表示意愿。
e.g.I am not prepared to accept the argument.
我不準(zhǔn)備接受這個(gè)論點(diǎn)。
3.way一詞用法歸納
(1)用作可數(shù)名詞，意思是“道路，路線，方向，方法”。
e.g.Can you tell me the way to the library?
請(qǐng)您告訴我去圖書(shū)館怎么走？
He is on the way home.
他正在回家的路上。
Foreign countries have a different way of life from ours.
外國(guó)與我國(guó)的生活方式不一樣。
（2）和way相搭配的短語(yǔ)很多，下面將常用的短語(yǔ)作一下歸納。
①in the way的意思是“在道上，礙事”，也可用in one’s way的形式（in the/one’s road也有這個(gè)含義），用來(lái)阻止你想去某地的人或物。如：
Please don’t stand in the kitchen door-you are in my/the way.
請(qǐng)別站在廚房門(mén)口--你擋了我的路。
②on the way后常接介詞to引起的短語(yǔ)，它可以是“在去……的途中”的意思，定冠詞the可以改為one’s；也可以是“即將”的意思，此時(shí)定冠詞the不能改為one’s。如：
He is now on his way to London.
他現(xiàn)在正在赴倫敦的途中。
He is on the way to success.
他正在走向成功。
③by the way的意思是“順便說(shuō)”，用來(lái)提起與先前談話無(wú)關(guān)的題目。如：
By the way,I have something to tell you.
順便說(shuō)一聲，我有點(diǎn)事要告訴你。
④in a way的意思是“在某一點(diǎn)上，在某種程度上”。如：
The work was well done in a way.
從某種程度上講，那工作做得很好。
（3）in no way的意思是“決不，一點(diǎn)也不”。例如：
Teaching in school can in no way be separated from practice.
學(xué)校教學(xué)決不能脫離實(shí)踐。
Ⅲ.詞語(yǔ)辨析
1.accept,receive
這兩個(gè)詞都有“收到，接收”之意，均用作動(dòng)詞。區(qū)別在于：
(1)accept指“（愿意）接受”。
e.g.I cannot accept your gift.
我不能接受你的禮物。
accept還可作“相信，承認(rèn)或承擔(dān)……的責(zé)任”講。
e.g.I can accept your reasons for being late.
我能相信你們所說(shuō)的遲到的理由。
(2)receive強(qiáng)調(diào)“發(fā)收、接受”這一事實(shí)，與意愿無(wú)關(guān)。
e.g.I received a letter from a strange.
我收到一個(gè)陌生人的信。
還可以有“遭到，遭受；接待；容納”等意思。
e.g.He received a heavy blow on the head from a falling stone.
一塊落下的石頭重重地打在他的頭上。
He was received as an honoured guest.
他被當(dāng)作貴賓接待。
2.appear,look,seem
三個(gè)詞都可以表示“看起來(lái)，好像”，但各自的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)也不完全一樣。
（1）appear指給人以表面的印象，暗含往往并非如此。look指顯露在外能被人看到的視覺(jué)印象。seem是說(shuō)話人的一種主觀判斷，可能有一定根據(jù)或判斷接近事實(shí)。
e.g.If the sky appears blue to us on earth,it is because the earth’s atmosphere scatters a certain number of blue rays of sunlight.
如果我們?cè)诘厍蛏峡刺炜帐撬{(lán)色的，那是因?yàn)榈厍蛑車拇髿鈱邮固?yáng)光的一部分藍(lán)色射線散射的緣故。（某物給人的一種表面印象）
They looked tired.
他們看起來(lái)累了。(說(shuō)話人從他們身上得到的一種視覺(jué)印象)
They seemed to have finished the work.
他們好像已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。（說(shuō)話人的判斷）
（2）這三個(gè)詞的句型結(jié)構(gòu)比較：共同點(diǎn)是可接形容詞；不同點(diǎn)如下：接不定式時(shí)，seem和appear后都可接to do或to be，而look后只接to be。
e.g.The whole world seemed/appeared to be black and empty.
整個(gè)世界好像全是漆黑一片，空空洞洞。
She looks to be the best person for the job.
她看起來(lái)就是這份工作的最佳人選。
appear和seem都可用there放在句首作引導(dǎo)詞的句型，也都可用“it(主語(yǔ))+appear/seem+that從句”這一句型，而look則不行。
e.g.There seems to be a mistake in these figures.
這些數(shù)字似乎有誤。
It appears/seems that he has been ill for a long time.
他好像病了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
look和seem后可接like短語(yǔ)，也可接as if引導(dǎo)的從句，appear兩者都不用。
e.g.It looks/seems like rain.
像是要下雨了。
It seems as if he knew nothing about it.
他似乎對(duì)此一無(wú)所知。
3.get rid of;deal with;do with
三個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)均可表示“處理”，但用法不同。
（1）get rid of表示“處理”時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)既可以是指具體事物的名詞，也可以是指抽象事物的名詞，側(cè)重于把某物（事）“除掉”。
e.g.We should get rid of the bad habit.
我們應(yīng)該改掉這種不良習(xí)慣。
（2）deal with表示“處理”時(shí)，側(cè)重于解決問(wèn)題，強(qiáng)調(diào)處理問(wèn)題的方法或方式，一般與how連用。
e.g.The teacher doesn’t know how to deal with his students.
這位老師不知道怎樣與他的學(xué)生相處。
注：deal with還可表示“對(duì)付、論述、和……打交道、涉及”。
e.g.Deal with a man as he deals with you.
以其人這道，還治其人之身。
(3)do with表示“處理”時(shí)，側(cè)重于對(duì)某事物的利用，常與what連用。
e.g.What did you do with your old furniture?
你怎樣處理你的舊家具？
4.common,ordinary
這兩個(gè)詞都有“普通的,平常的”意思。其區(qū)別有：
common強(qiáng)調(diào)許多事物具有某種共同點(diǎn)而“不足為奇”；ordinary指與一般事物的性質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相同，強(qiáng)調(diào)“平常，平庸”而無(wú)特別之處。
e.g.This plant is common in South Africa.
這種植物在南非隨處可見(jiàn)。
He has always rated himself above ordinary musicians.
他總認(rèn)為自己高于一般的音樂(lè)家。
Ⅳ.能力訓(xùn)練
1.單句改錯(cuò)
(1)She didn’t work hard,so she failed passing the exam.
答案：將passing改為to pass。句中的fail作“沒(méi)有，沒(méi)能夠”解時(shí)常與不定式連用，表示“未能做某事”。
（2）I’m sorry,I can’t receive your invitation.
答案：將receive改為accept。receive的意思是“收到”，表示“動(dòng)作”，而accept的意思是“收下”，表示結(jié)果。
(3)We hope to improve our work better.
答案：去掉better。improve=make…better，使用better重復(fù)。還有prefer(=like…better)等也很容易出現(xiàn)類似的錯(cuò)誤。
(4)Such people as he is to be punished.
答案：將is改為are。句中的as he修飾such people，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。
(5)He suggested us to go home as soon as possible.
答案：將us to go改為our going。suggest不能和“賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)連用，它后面跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式或that從句。
(6)A heavy rain made the river overflowing its bank.
答案：將overflowing改為overflow。make后不能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，可用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
2.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子
(1)他說(shuō)話時(shí)的樣子，好像他已知道那個(gè)秘密了。
He talks__________ __________he bad known the secret.
(2)勞駕你把那臺(tái)收音機(jī)關(guān)掉。
__________ __________ __________ __________by turning off the radio.
(3)這家工廠的發(fā)電量是全國(guó)的三分之一。
This factory produces__________ __________ __________ the electricity in the country.
(4)我似乎覺(jué)得他們是對(duì)的。
It__________to me that they are right.
(5)這種人不好對(duì)付。
Such people are difficult to__________ __________.
(6)她既美麗，又善良。
She is__________ __________beautiful,__________ __________kind.
答案：（1）as if (2)Do me a favour (3)one third of (4)seems (5)deal with (6)not only，but also
3.看圖作文
下圖是Helen通過(guò)觸摸、感知，跟著她的老師Annie學(xué)說(shuō)話，讀句子，學(xué)習(xí)布萊葉盲文。請(qǐng)據(jù)此用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇文章。
注意：詞數(shù)100左右。
生詞：布萊葉盲文-Braille
喉嚨-throat
嘴唇-lip
參考答案：
Annie is laughing happily.Helen is touching Ann’s face in order to feel the movement of her laughing.This is how Ann learned words.When Helen knew the meaning of the word,Ann was going to teach how to spell it.She spelled the word into the girl’s hand with her fingers.
Now Helen is touching Ann’s throat and lips while Ann is speaking.This is how the deafblind child learned to speak.She tried to copy Ann’s movements of lips and throat so as to form speech.Look!Helen is saying“Mother”.That makes her parents and teacher very happy.
Helen is now at school.Ann is helping her.She spelled out for her the things that the teachers taught,because most books were not printed in Braille at that time.
Ⅴ.高考真題
1.(2004北京春)There at the door stood a girl about the same height__________.
A.as me B.as mine
C.with mine D.with me
簡(jiǎn)析：選B。“the same…as…”為習(xí)慣性搭配，再根據(jù)句意為“這個(gè)姑娘的身高和我的身高一樣”，mine為my height，故應(yīng)選B。又因此句并沒(méi)有使用“It is the same with…”句型，故排除C和D。
2.(2004北京春)We’re going to__________with some friends for a picnic.Would you like to join us?
A.get in B.get over
C.get along D.get together
簡(jiǎn)析：選D。get in with意為“和……親近”，get along with意為“與……相處”，get together with意為“與……聚合”，get over與with不搭配，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選D。
3.(2004上海春)Victor apologized for__________to inform me of the change in the plan.
A.his being not able B.him not to be able
C.his not being able D.him to be not able
簡(jiǎn)析：選C。根據(jù)appologize for sth.(或doing sth.…)，應(yīng)排除B和D，又因在v.-ing的否定用法中，否定詞not應(yīng)放在v.-ing之前，故選C。
4.(2004上海春)We need to consider what__________we will be using for language training.
A.abilities B.appliances
C.facilities D.qualities
簡(jiǎn)析：選C。進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言訓(xùn)練，就需要有設(shè)施或設(shè)備，因此選facilities(設(shè)施、設(shè)備)，其他選項(xiàng)不合適。
5.(2004上海春)Words__________me when I wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son from the burning house.
A.failed B.left
C.discouraged D.disappointed
簡(jiǎn)析：選A。表示“不知說(shuō)什么來(lái)表達(dá)自己的想法”時(shí)，常用句型“words fail sb.”來(lái)表達(dá)。根據(jù)本題句意，應(yīng)選A。