1. turn …upside down 翻轉(zhuǎn)
2. come up with 提出，想出
3. make notes of 記錄，記下
4. call in 召來(lái)，請(qǐng)來(lái)
5. range from…all the way to…
范圍從。。。一直到。。。
6. that is 也就是說(shuō)
7. break down 毀壞，受挫
8. become available to… 對(duì)。。。有用
9. take advantage of 利用
10. do the work 生效
11. be sensitive to… 對(duì)。。。敏感
12. make…sensitive to… 使…對(duì)…敏感
13. a variety of 各種各樣的
14. contribute to… 對(duì)…有貢獻(xiàn)，有助于
15. be made up of 由。。。組合成
16. room temperature 室溫
17. freezing point 冰點(diǎn)
18. mix with 與。。。混合
19. the relationship between…and…
。。。和。。。之間的緊密聯(lián)系
20. be measured in 以。。。來(lái)測(cè)量
21. give off 發(fā)出，放出
22. pour…into… 把。。。倒進(jìn)。。。里面
23. show some examples of sth.
顯示一些。。。的例子
24. be used to/for 被用于（做）。。。
25. keep water from floating away
防止水流失
26. play a trick on sb. 給某人惡作劇
27. define sth. 給某物下定義
28. 比較級(jí)+than any other +n.(單數(shù))
比其它的任何。。。更加。。
29. benefit from… 從。。。得益
重點(diǎn)句和難句：
1. What are some disadvantages of using water in this way？用這種方式用水的缺點(diǎn)是什么？
2. Life in the oceans ranges from the tiniest plankton all the way up to giants like sharks and whales.
海洋里的生物從微小的浮游生物到巨大的動(dòng)物，如鯊魚(yú)和鯨魚(yú)，都無(wú)所不包。
3. Water is actually quite simple, but the way the water molecule is formed gives water its unique properties. 水實(shí)際上是很簡(jiǎn)單的，但分子的結(jié)構(gòu)方式卻賦予水以獨(dú)特的性質(zhì)。
4. The nutrients in whatever falls into the ocean quickly became available to other living things.
通過(guò)任何渠道進(jìn)入海洋的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)都能很快被其他生物所利用.
5. The salinity of the earth’s oceans is about thirty-five parts per thousand, meaning that there are about thirty-five grammes of dissolved solids and gases in one kilogramme of water.
地球海洋里的鹽度大約為35% ，意思是說(shuō)，在每公斤的水中約含有35克溶解的固體和氣體。
6. Even though the pure water is what gives sea water its main properties, the salinity of sea water affects both its weight and freezing point.
盡管是純水賦予了海水的主要特征,然而海水的鹽度卻影響了它的重量和冰點(diǎn)。
7. Density is the relationship between mass and volume and is measured in kilogrammes per cubic metre(kg/m). 密度是指質(zhì)量和容量的相關(guān)程度。
8. Water, which seems so simple and common， is what makes life possible.
水，這個(gè)看來(lái)是如此簡(jiǎn)單和普通的東西，就是使生命成為可能的物質(zhì)。
9. The density of living creatures is higher than in any other habitat on earth.
河口的生物密度比地球上任何其他棲息地的密度都要大。
10. Since estuaries protect animals and plants from storms and folds and prevent erosion，protecting estuaries is very important.
既然河口保護(hù)動(dòng)植物免受風(fēng)暴和洪水的影響，而且還可以防腐蝕，保護(hù)河口就非常重要。
11．Heat capacity is the amount of energy (that) it takes to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree centigrade. 熱容量是指一種物質(zhì)升高一攝氏度所需要的能量。
12. The most important thing (that) we can learn about water, however, is that we must protect it and use it wisely. 然而，在我們所學(xué)的有關(guān)水的知識(shí)里，最重要的東西是我們必須保護(hù)水資源和利用水資源。
Unit14
1. put/throw….in prison把…投進(jìn)監(jiān)獄 (be) in prison 在獄中
2. receive the Nobel Peace Prize獲得諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng) 3．Join hands聯(lián)手
4.born as a slave一出生就是努力 5.forbid sb. to do sth禁止…做…
6.march on繼續(xù)前進(jìn) 7.in the summer of 1963 1963年夏天
8.give a speech to給…做演講 9.be treated as equal citizens被作為平等的公民對(duì)待
10.have (no/ the) right to do sth有（無(wú)）做…的權(quán)利11.vote for/against 投票贊成/反對(duì)
12.set an example to 為…樹(shù)立榜樣 13.achieve the goal達(dá)到目標(biāo)
14.racial/sexual discrimination : 種族/性別歧視 15.people of all races各族人民
16.fight/struggle for為…而戰(zhàn) 17.mixed-race marriages異族通婚
18.lead/organize a boycott of…領(lǐng)導(dǎo)/組織對(duì)…的抵制19.be free to do sth做…自由
20.no voice, not heard不發(fā)言就不會(huì)被聽(tīng)到 21.start with : begin with以…開(kāi)始
22.there was a time when…曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)…的時(shí)期 23.in modern times現(xiàn)代
24.regardless of = despite/in spite of 不理會(huì), 不顧 25.at first sight乍一看
26．pros and cons贊成與反對(duì) 27．rest on=depend on依靠
28．be subject to服從…，受…支配 29．The shirt feels soft. 這襯衫摸起來(lái)很柔軟
30．The book sells well這書(shū)很暢銷
3.In 1850 a law was made to forbid people to help runaway slaves.
1850年通過(guò)了一條法律來(lái)禁止人們幫助那些逃跑的奴隸。
4.Active in the women’s rights movement after the war.戰(zhàn)后在女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)中很活躍。
2.Mixed-race marriages were forbidden by law. 法律規(guī)定不允許黑人和白人通婚。
3.Black people had no rights to vote in the Southern states. 南部的黑人沒(méi)有選舉權(quán)。
4.King fought for political rights for black people in the USA. 金為美國(guó)黑人的政治權(quán)利而斗爭(zhēng)。
4.King fought for political rights for black people in the USA. 金為美國(guó)黑人的政治權(quán)利而斗爭(zhēng)。
6.All his life he believed that it was right and necessary to demand changes in society if people did not have their civil rights. 他畢生相信，如果人們得不到民權(quán)，那么就有必要提出改變社會(huì)的要求，這樣做也是正當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
7.He believed that he could achieve that goal by peaceful actions, not by violence.
他認(rèn)為，可以通過(guò)和平革命達(dá)到社會(huì)變革的目的，而不通過(guò)暴力。
9.King led a boycott of the bus company. 金領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人們聯(lián)合抵制汽車公司。
10.In the end the government lawyers in the capital said that the bus company was wrong to separate blacks from whites. 最后該州首府的政府律師說(shuō)，公共汽車公司無(wú)權(quán)在車上把黑人和白人分割開(kāi)來(lái)。
12.It was during the “March on Washington DC” in 1963 that he gave the speech “I Have a Dream”, which inspired people of all races to fight for equality.
是在1963年的華盛頓游行過(guò)程中他作出了這個(gè)鼓舞人們?yōu)槠降葯?quán)而斗爭(zhēng)的演說(shuō)--我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想。
13.In the same year, a new Civil Rights Act was passed and in 1965 a new Voting Rights Bill became law.
在同一年，通過(guò)了新的民權(quán)法案。1965年一項(xiàng)新的選舉權(quán)法案變成了法律。
14.From then on, all black people had the right to vote. 從那時(shí)起，所有的黑人都有了選舉權(quán)。
1.Slavery is the system by which some people are owned by others as slaves.
3.The fact that black people share equal rights in America today is in part their achievement.
當(dāng)今美國(guó)的黑人擁有平等權(quán)在某種程度上也是他們的成就。
1.Freedom fighters can be found everywhere, and they are of all times.自由戰(zhàn)士到處都是，并且無(wú)論何時(shí)都有。
2.Each age has its own struggle for rights. 每個(gè)時(shí)代都有他自己的權(quán)利之戰(zhàn)。
6.What all these groups have in common is that they ask to be treated with respect, share the rights to work, good housing conditions and education and be treated equal to other people in all ways.
所有這些組織（或團(tuán)體）的共同點(diǎn)就是他們要求得到尊敬，共同享有工作、好的住房條件和受教育的權(quán)利以及和其他人一樣在各個(gè)方面被平等地對(duì)待。
7.When Samuel Butler wrote two chapters about the rights of animals and the rights of vegetables in a novel in 1872, everybody thought of that as very funny joke.
當(dāng)塞繆爾巴特勒在1872年在他的小說(shuō)中寫完兩章關(guān)于動(dòng)物和蔬菜的權(quán)利時(shí)，每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為那是一個(gè)很可笑的笑話。
12.You can create original ideas by comparing things that are at first sight very different, such as the needs for nutrition for humans, animals and plants but also for robots and machines. 你能通過(guò)對(duì)比乍一看完全不同的東西，像人類、動(dòng)物和植物對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)的需要，以及對(duì)機(jī)器人和機(jī)器的需要來(lái)創(chuàng)造新穎的想法。
Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空
1.She covered her face ______ her hands and began to weep.
2.A hammer is used ______ driving in nails.
3.38%______ the population of the city smoke.
4.His interests ranged ______ class ______ skiing.
5.Her excellent English gives her certain advantages ______ other students in her class.
6.Plenty of fresh air contributes ______ good health.
7.So deeply was he absorbed______his work that he forgot his meals.
8.The weather turned______to be very good,which was more than we could expect.
Ⅱ.翻譯下列詞組
1.全神貫注,專心致志______ 2.有助于,有利于______3.耍詭計(jì),搞陰謀______
4.分解______ 5.在A和B之間變化______ 6.用……來(lái)衡量,測(cè)量______
7.召集,收回______ 8.面臨危險(xiǎn)______
Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)(每句只有一處錯(cuò)誤)
1.No matter who breaks the law,will be punished.
2.Two thirds of the earth are covered with water.
3.The book he gave me is of great beneficial.
4.When the machine broke up,they would send it to us.
5.This novel is so absorbent that I feel absorbed in it.
6.If you continue staying outside,you will be frozen died.
7.-Could I ask you something if you are not too busy?
-Yes,of course you could.
8.Put that cigarette out.You won’t smoke near a petrol pump!
IV.單項(xiàng)填空
1.-I don’t suppose he could have done well in the exam last week,______ he?
-______,he almost failed to pass the exam.
A.had;Yes B.has;No C.couldn’t;Yes D.did;No
2.As we know,sentences can be______into clauses,and clauses into phrases.
A.broken B.broken out C.broken up D.broken away
3.I really don’t know ______ I had my money stolen.
A.when was it that B.that it was when C.where it was that D.it was where that
4.______,he always helps me with my English.
A.However busy is he B.However he is busy C.However is he busy D.However busy he is
5.______,he is looked down upon.
A.Talented though the artist is B.As the artist is talented C.Talented although the artist is D.Are talented as the artist
6.Most of the artists will go to the United States next week.The rest______to visit Japan.
A.has B.have C.are D.is
7.If it ______ so hard,we’d go to town.
A.isn’t raining B.weren’t raining C.doesn’t rain D.has rain
8.She couldn’t have answered the question if she______a few books on world history.
A.hadn’t read B.hasn’t read C.wouldn’t read D.didn’t read
9.Nothing could have saved him ______ he had been tended without delay.
A.if B.even though C.as though D.once
10.-It was 3 o’clock ______ we arrived at the village.
-Oh,it was also at 3 o’clock ______we arrived at the village.
A.when;when B.when;that C.that;that D.that;when
11.-Good morning,Grand Hotel.-Hello,I’d like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th.-______
A.What can I do for you? B.Just a minute,please. C.What’s the matter? D.At your service!
12.He made another wonderful discovery,______of great importance to science.
A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think which is
13.It was only when I reread this poems recently______I began to appreciate their beauty.
A.until B.that C.then D.so
Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空
1.with 2.for 3.of 4.from;to 5.over 6.to 7.in 8.out
Ⅱ.翻譯下列詞組
1.be absorbed in 2.contribute to 3.play a trick on 4.break down 5.range from A to B 6.be measured in 7.call in 8.face dangers
Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)
1.will前加he 2.are→is 3.beneficial→benefit 4.up→down 5.absorbent→absorbing 6.died→dead 7.could→can 8.won’t→mustn’t
V.單項(xiàng)填空
1~5 DCCDA 6~10 CBABB 11~13 BAB