初二英語第二十八單元Mainly Revision

發(fā)布時間：2016-6-6 編輯：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機版

內(nèi)容

一、教法建議

【拋磚引玉】

單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標

Ⅰ. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)

tooth , shout , kill , in the end

Ⅱ. 語法學(xué)習(xí)

簡單句的基本句型 ( 二 )

1 . 主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語：

Mr Wu teaches us English

She brought me some tomatoes .

2 . 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語：

We can keep it warm .

I won't let you go .

【指點迷津】

單元重點詞匯點撥

1 . shout 喊；高呼

“Help ! Help ! ”she shouted . 她大聲呼喊：“救命 ! 救命 ! ”

There was a shout from the building . 那棟樓房里傳出一聲呼喊聲。

〖點撥〗也可作名詞。shout at … 對……大聲叫嚷。

Please don’t shout at the little girl . She is afraid of you .

When I was walking in the street last Sunday , I heard my name was shouted by someone .

2 . tooth 牙齒

He keeps cleaning his teeth every day . 他堅持每天刷牙。

〖點撥〗注意其復(fù)數(shù)特殊為：teeth 。brush one’s teeth 刷牙。

brush還可以作“刷子”講。

3 . kill 殺死，弄死

My mother killed the chicken for food . 我母親把雞殺了作菜吃。

〖點撥〗kill one’s time消磨時光。

Kill two birds with one stone . 一箭雙雕。

單元詞組思維運用

1 . the Great Wall ( 中國的 ) 長城

〖提示〗注意前加the。

I took these pictures on the Great Wall . 我在長城拍攝了這些照片。

I have been to the Great Wall several times .

Every year , a lot of foreigners come to China to visit the Great Wall .

2 . in the end 最后，終于

In the end we succeeded . 最后我們成功了。

In the end they won the match . 他們終于贏得了那場比賽。

Why did the monkey laugh in the end ? 為什么猴子最后大笑起來 ?

〖提示〗1 ) in the end 表示經(jīng)過許多變化、困難和捉摸不定的情況之后才發(fā)生某事。in the end 通常放在句首或句尾。

2 ) at the end of 表示“在……的盡頭”。by the end of 表示“在……結(jié)束之前”，“在……末為止”常和完成時搭配。

The hospital is at the end of the road . 醫(yī)院就在這條路的盡頭。

By the end of this week the shop will be closed . 在本周末之前，這商店要關(guān)閉。

3 . look for = be after 尋找

－ What are you looking for ? 你在找什么 ?

－ My pen is missing . I was using it a moment ago .

－ Where is Mum ?

－ She is looking for father . Where has he gone ?

注意由look構(gòu)成的搭配：look after照料，look out小心，look through批閱，瀏覽, look at看，look sb in the face盯著某人的臉（不能用look at ）。

4 . Once there was / lived

= Once upon a time there was/ lived 從前有……

= Many years ago there was / lived 從前有……

= Long , long ago there was / lived 從前有……

Once there was an old tiger . 從前有這樣一只老虎。

〖提示〗這一組詞組，都是用在講故事時開頭的套語、開場白。

表示存在的there后可以用下列動詞代替be ：there stand 聳立著……，there seems好象……。如：There stood a church near our school in the past .

5 . with these words 說完這些話

With these words he left the room . 說完這些話他就離開了這房間。

〖提示〗該短語表伴隨作狀語。

with常用在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，如：with + 賓語 + 形容詞；with + 賓語 + 介詞短語；with + 賓語 + to do 。如：I found him alone in the classroom , with a book in his hand .

I like to sleep with the windows open , but she likes to sleep with the windows shut / closed .

6 . play with 玩耍；戲弄，捉弄

The boy is playing with his toy train . 那孩子在玩他的玩具火車。

Don't play with me .= Don’t play a joke on me . 別跟我開玩笑。

7 . be busy with 忙于從事

He was busy with his work . 他忙于工作。

〖提示〗be busy (in)doing 表示“忙于做某事”，但 doing 代表動名詞。如：

My mother is busy cooking . 我母親正忙于做飯。

二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航

【學(xué)法提要】

單元句型思路明晰

1 . 簡單句的五種句型 ( 二 )

1 ) 主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語

( 1 ) 間接賓語在此表示人，直接賓語在此表示物。

She bought me a dictionary . 她給我買了一本詞典。

Pass me the paper , please ! 請把報紙遞給我。

This little boy is always asking the teacher all kinds of questions .

這個小男孩老愛問老師各種各樣的問題。

Will you tell us something about your school life ?

你給我們講講你們學(xué)校的生活好嗎 ?

Can you tell me when the next train leaves ?

請問下一班火車什么時間天 ?

( 2 ) 間接賓語通常在直接賓語之前。也可以將間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，則需要借助介詞 to 或 for。如：

He brings me cookies every day .

He brings cookies to me every day . 他每天給我?guī)痫瀬怼?/p>

( 3 ) 如果直接賓語是代詞，就須在間接賓語之前加介詞 to，構(gòu)成介詞短語，并把這個短語放在直接賓語之后。如：

I'll send it to you tomorrow . 我明天給你送來。

( 比較：I'll send you the book tomorrow )

( 4 ) 如果需要對間接賓語加以強調(diào)，也可放在直接賓語之后。

Bring the letter to me , not to Henry . 把信交給我，別交給亨利。

2 ) 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語

英語中有些及物動詞，除了要有一個直接賓語外，還要加上賓語補足語，句子的意義才算完整。賓語和賓語補足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。賓語補足語的作用有兩個：或是表示賓語所代表的人或東西所做的動作；或是與賓語有表語關(guān)系，說明賓語的狀態(tài)、特征、身份等。

在復(fù)合賓語中，能作賓語補足語的有名詞和形容詞、以及其它相當于名詞和形容詞的詞語。現(xiàn)將復(fù)合賓語的各種形式舉例如下：

( 1 ) 名詞或代詞賓格 + 名詞 ( 作賓補 )

We elected Li Ping ( him ) monitor of our class . 我們選李平 ( 他 ) 當班長。

( 2 ) 名詞或代詞賓格 + 形容詞 ( 作賓補 )

I always find her happy and gay . 我發(fā)現(xiàn)她總是那么高興而愉快。

( 3 ) 名詞或代詞賓格 + 動詞不定式 ( 作賓補 )

I told him to open the window . 我曾叫他開打窗子。

另：let , make , see , hear 等動詞后的復(fù)合賓語中，如有動詞不定式，須省去 to。如：

Don't let the cat out . 別讓貓出去。

2 . 特殊的簡單句：

1 ) 有時有兩個或兩個以上的主語共一個謂語 ( a ) ，或兩個或兩個以上的謂語共一個主語 ( b ) ，有時甚至有兩個主語和兩個謂語 ( c ) ，這樣的句子仍然是簡單句。如：

a )Tom , John and Mike are all my good friends .

b ) The boy jumped out bed , dressed hurriedly and ran downstairs . 這男孩跳下床，匆忙穿好衣服就跑下樓了。

c ) The teachers and the students all liked the place and wanted to stay there a little longer . 老師和學(xué)生都喜歡這個地方，想在那兒多待一會兒。

2 ) 有些簡單句結(jié)構(gòu)比較特殊，只包括一個字或一個成分，如：

a ) 問候告別語：Good morning ! / Hello ! / Nice to meet you !

b ) 感謝祝賀語：Thanks ( a lot ) ! / Many thanks ! / Happy birthday ! / Happy New Year ! / Happy birthday to you ! / The same to you !

c ) 感嘆語： Oh dear ! / Well , well ! / My God ! / Goodness me ! 天啊！

單元難點疑點釋疑

1 . He fell and hit his leg on the table . But he's OK now . 他跌倒了，腿撞在桌子上。但現(xiàn)在好了。

句中 OK 意為“好了，沒事了，沒問題了”，是當形容詞用。此處OK的用法與第103課中 He'll be OK if I do one small operation 中OK的用法相同。

除此之外，OK 在口語中用處很多，現(xiàn)將我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過的用法總結(jié)在此。

1 ) OK = well ; fine ( a . ) 身體好

- How are you ?

- Fine , thank you . And you ?

- I'm OK . ( Book I P . 6 )

2 ) OK = not important ( a . ) 沒關(guān)系

- But I'm afraid I may be a little late .

- That's OK . It doesn't matter . ( Book Ⅱ P . 70 )

3 ) OK = all right ( ad . ) 別客氣，不用謝

- Thanks .

- That's OK . ( Book I P . 25 )

4 ) OK = Yes , Certainly , Of course ( ad . ) 行，好，可以

- It's a picture of my family .

- Oh , can I see it ?

- OK . ( Book I P . 41 )

5 ) OK = no ; of course not ( ad . ) ( 可根據(jù)具體語境采用靈活的譯法 ) 。

- Don't climb that ladder ! It's broken .

- OK . Thanks . ( Book Ⅱ P . 28 )

6 ) OK = then ; all right then ( ad . ) 那么好吧

- I want to pick some bananas . I'm hungry !

- OK . We can have some for our picnic lunch . ( Book Ⅱ p . 99 )

7 ) OK = well ( 作感嘆詞用 ) 好，行

- What colour is it ?

- I think it's green .

- OK . Colour it green . ( Book Ⅰ P . 52 )

8 ) OK = will you ; shall we ; shall I ; may I ; may we 構(gòu)成附加疑問句。用以征求對方意見或請求對方許可。作“好嗎，可以嗎”解。

A： - Now let me call your names . OK ?

- Yes , Mr Hu . ( Book Ⅱ p . 1 )

B：Why don't come a little earlier ? About a quarter to . OK ( Book Ⅱ p . 21 )

9 ) OK = Is that right ? Is that all right ?

構(gòu)成一般疑問句，“對嗎，行嗎”

- Let me help you . That's OK ?

- Thanks Dad ( Book Ⅰ p . 67 )

2 . She left her pen at home . 她把她的鋼筆丟在家里了。

leave 在句中意為“遺忘，忘帶”，表明忘在哪個地方。不同于 forget .

I left my book at home . 我把書丟在家里。

Mr . Smith left his hat in the car . 史密斯先生把帽子丟在汽車里了。

3 . Once there was an old tiger . 從前有這樣一只老虎。

once 在句中意為“從前”，這是在講述故事時常用的開頭語。類似這樣的表達還有：

Long Long ago …… 很久，很久以前

Once upon a time …… 從前

One day …… 一天

Many many years ago 多年以前

4 . Every day he made one of the small animals , bring him something to eat .

one of ( + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) ) 是“……之一”的意思。它作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：

Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China . 海是中國的大城市之一。

One of them is Tom . 他們中有一個叫湯姆。

注意：make sb do使某人干……。這里do作賓補，不能用to do 。

Her stepmother(繼母) made her do a lot of washing .

5 . Go and bring me some food . 去拿些食物給我吃。

bring sb . sth 帶給某人某物。如：

Father always brings me some cakes on Sunday . 爸爸星期天總給我?guī)Щ匾恍└恻c。

6 . He told me not to bring you anything . 他要我什么也別帶給你。

tell sb . to do sth 告訴某人做某事。如：

He told us not to do that . 他要我們不要那么做。

Tell him to come on time . 要他準時來。

7. You needn’t come until six . 你到六點才需要來。

need一般在否定句和疑問句中作情態(tài)動詞用。注意下列句子表達：

－ Need he come on time ?

－ Yes , he must . (No , he needn’t .)

8. 單元8-14要點回眸

※ in the front of 意為“在物體本身的前部”；in front of 意為“在物體之外的前邊”。如：

There’s a big blackboard in the front of our classroom . 我們教室前邊有塊大黑板。

There’re a lot of flowers in front of our teaching building . 我們教學(xué)樓前有很多花。

※ “keep + n . + adj . ”表示“使……保持……狀態(tài)”。如：

We keep our classroom clean . 我們保持教學(xué)清潔。

The students must keep themselves healthy . 學(xué)生應(yīng)保持健康。

※ look for 表示“尋找”的動作過程；find 表示“找到”的結(jié)果。如：

He was looking for his pen , but he didn’t find it . 他找他的鋼筆，但是沒有找到。

※ “had better + ( not ) do”常用于提出勸告或建議。例如：

You’d better have a rest after supper . 晚飯后你最好歇會兒。

You’d better not stay up too late at night . 你最好別熬夜。

※ have 當“有”講時，其疑問及否定式有兩種。如：

He has not / doesn’t have a car . 他沒有汽車。

Have you / Do you have any brothers ? 你有兄弟嗎？

如果 have 不當“有”講，就只有一種形式了。如：

I don’t have (不能說 I have not ) lunch at school . 我不在學(xué)校吃午飯。

Do you have (不能說 Have you ) lunch at school ? 你在學(xué)校吃午飯嗎？

※ What’s wrong with sb．/ sth．?用于詢問某人或某物“怎么了？”、“出什么毛病了？”。如：

What’s wrong with your car ? 你的車出什么毛病了？ What’s wrong with Jack ? 杰克怎么了？

※ 用 how 提問的句意對比：

How long did your father study English ? 你父親學(xué)過多長時間英語？

How long is the river ? 這條河多長？ How far is your school from here ? 學(xué)校離這兒多遠？

How often do you watch TV ? 你多長時間（頻率）看一次電視？

How soon is your father back ? 你父親再過多久回來？ How old is he ? 他多大年紀了？

How many students are there in your class ? 你們班有多少學(xué)生？（對可數(shù)名詞提問）

How much water is there in the glass ? 玻璃杯里有多少水？（對不可數(shù)名詞提問）

※ in bed 與 on the bed 都表示“在床上”，但有不同。如：

The old man is ill in bed . 這位老人病在床上了。（ in bed 不用冠詞，表示人躺（臥）在床上。）

※ 有些動詞，如 come , go , leave , stay , fly , arrive 等常用進行時態(tài)來表示事先計劃、安排的即將發(fā)生的動作。例如：

Jim is coming to supper . 吉姆要來吃晚飯。 I’m going to bed in a minute . 我一會兒就去上學(xué)。

※ 問“星期幾”與“幾號”不同。如：

What’s the date today ? 今天是幾號？ What day was it yesterday ? 昨天星期幾？

※ “時間 + ago ”要與一般過去時連用。如：

My brother left school five years ago . 我哥哥是五年前離開學(xué)校的。

※ on one’s way to 意為“某人去……的路上”。如：

I saw him on my way to school . 我在上學(xué)的路上看見他。

注：on one’s way 后跟副詞不用 to 。如：I saw him on my way home .

【妙文賞析】

Lasting a Lifetime

Sidney Hui's watch was old and it did not work well . It was either too fast or too slow . It spent more time in the repair shop than on his wrist . He decided to buy himself a new watch . He went into a jewelry shop and spoke to the saleswoman behind the counter .

“ I want to buy a new watch , please . Show me the best watch you have . ”

The saleswoman smiled happily . This was the kind of customer she liked .

“ Certainly , sir , ”she said , and showed Sidney a gold watch .

“ This watch is made of gold and has 24 jewels , ”she explained .

“ How much is it ? ”Sidney asked .

“＄5 , 000 , ”the saleswoman said .

“ Oh , ”Sidney said . “ I'm sorry . You did not understand me . I want to see the best watch you have for under ＄100 . ”

The saleswoman now lost interest in Sidney . She pushed some cheap watches at him .

“ Choose one of these , ”she said rudely . “ They are all under 100 . ”

Sidney picked up one of the watches , “ Will it last me a lifetime ? ”he asked .

“ Of course , ”the saleswoman said .

“ Then I'll buy it , ”Sidney told her . He paid for the watch and left the shop .

Two days later the watch stopped . Sidney could not make it start again . He took it back to the shop .

“ This watch is broken , ”he said to the saleswoman . “ You told me it would last me a lifetime . ”

“ When you bought it , sir , ”the saleswoman said , “ you didn't look very well . ”

注釋：wrist 手腕，jewelry 珠寶，counter 柜臺，customer 顧客，jewels 寶石，鉆石， rudely 粗魯?shù)兀瑂aleswoman 女售貨員，女營業(yè)員

賞析：“You didn’t look well .”的意思耐人尋味，令人發(fā)出會心的微笑。

【思維體操】

1. I speak without a voice ; I am small , light and fleet (快速的) . I express my master’s thoughts , and travel without feet . Who an I ?

2. What is it that we never borrow but often return ?

答案：1. A letter 2. Thanks

三、智能顯示

【心中有數(shù) 】

單元語法發(fā)散思維

根據(jù)每題漢語意思選擇正確譯文 ( 答案不止一個 )

1 . 這臺機器怎么啦 ?

A . What's the wrong with the machine ?

B . What's the matter with the machine ?

C . What's wrong with the machine ?

D . What's matter with the machine ?

2 . 請問，到東方公園怎么走 ?

A . Excuse me , can you tell me the way to East Park ?

B . Excuse me , which is the way to East Park , please ?

C . Excuse me , can you tell me how I can get to East Park ?

D . Excuse me , how can I get to East Park , please ?

3 . 昨天她是步行到那里去的。

A . She walked there on foot yesterday .

B . She went for a walk there yesterday .

C . She went there on foot yesterday .

D . She walked there yesterday .

4 . 今天下午我要去買點東西。

A . I have some shopping to do this afternoon .

B . I'm going to do some shopping this afternoon .

C . I'll go shopping this afternoon .

D . I'll go out to do some shopping this afternoon .

5 . 您要什么 ?

A . What can I do for you ?

B . Can I help you ?

C . What do you want ?

D . What would you like ?

6 . 火車未停，不要開門。

A . Don't open the door until the train stops .

B . Don't open the door until the train will stop .

C . Don't open the door before the train stops .

D . Not open the door before the train stops .

7 . 他坐在我左邊。

A . He sat to my left . B . He sat at my left .

C . He sat on my left . D . He sat at my left hand .

8 . 你是何時到達那村莊的 ?

A . When did you get the village ?

B . When did you get to the village ?

C . When did you reach to the village ?

D . When did you reach the village ?

9 . 他站在我前面。

A . He stood in front of me . B . He stood in the front of me .

C . He stood in front me . D . He stood before me .

10 . 再試一次怎么樣 ?

A . What about trying again ? B . How about trying again ?

C . What about having a try again ? D . How about having a try again ?

答案：1 . B , C 2 . A , B , C , D 3 . C , D 4 . A , B , C , D 5 . A , B , C , D 6 . A , C 7 . A , B , C , D 8 . B , D 9 . A , D 10 . A , B , C , D

【動手動腦】

單元能力立體檢測

※ 要點分析

1 . Did you have a good time ______ the party ?

A . at B . on C . in D . to

答案 A . 此處需要適當?shù)慕樵~幫助完成“在晚會上”的含義，at 當“在……上”講強調(diào)出席，參與”，on 當“在……上”講時，強調(diào)兩者實質(zhì)上的接觸 in , to 不含“在……上”之意，因此要選用 at .

2 . - Must we finish our homework before ten o'clock ?

- No , you ______ .

A . mustn't B . needn't C . couldn't D . may not

答案 B . 由 must 引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，其否定回答通常用 needn't 表示“不必，不需要”。mustn't 表示“禁止，千萬不要，”通常用來回答 may 引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句。

3 . ______ fine weather it is today ?

A . What B . How C . What D . How a

答案 A . 這是一個感嘆句，要感嘆的中心詞為名詞 weather ( 可從主語上分析出來 ) ，因此應(yīng)該用 what 來上導(dǎo)感嘆句，另外 weather 為不可數(shù)名詞。因此與 what 之間不可加不定冠詞。

4 . He told me ______ bring you anything .

A . not to B . to not C . not D . don't

答案 A . 在 tell , ask , want , get , like 等動詞的賓語后，都能接不定式作賓語補足語，其不定式的否定形式是在 to 前加not。

※ Put the following Chinese into English after the model , using the words given in the brackets . ( 根據(jù)示例，用所給詞語將下列句子譯成英文 )

1 . ( write , write to ) 昨天你給邁克寫信了嗎 ?

a ) ______________________________________________ ?