內容
一、教法建議
【 拋磚引玉 】
單元雙基學習目標
Ⅰ. 詞匯學習
plant , wonderful , dig , deep , stick , tie , diagram , forest , copy , million , towards , mountain , harvest
neither…nor , knock…into… , next to , so that , cut down , millions of , stop…from doing sth , blow…away , not only…but also… , in a few years' time , far away , thanks to
Ⅱ. 句型學習
Tie the tree to the top of the stick to keep it straight .
The more , the better .
The river near here is over four metres deep .
The Great Green Wall is between 400 and 1 700 kilometres wide .
Trees must be watered well .
The earth should be pushed down hard .
More or less !
While you're doing that I'll go and get some water .
Ⅲ.語法學習
1 ) 含有情態動詞的被動語態的構成及用法。
2 ) 計量的表達。
Ⅳ. 交際英語
如何讓別人做某事。
【 指點迷律 】
單元重點詞匯點撥
1 . plant 1 ) 種植 ( 動詞 ) 2 ) 植物 ( 名詞 )
We planted some roses in the garden .
April is the time to plant trees .
They are planting vegetables .
［點撥］plant 還可作“工廠”講。
2 . wonderful 極好的；精彩的 ( 形容詞 )
That's a wonderful idea .
What a wonderful invention !
He told me a wonderful story .
［點撥］have a wonderful time 過得極為愉快。
3 . neither ( 兩者 ) 都不
［點撥］1 ) ( 兩者 ) 都不的 ( 形容詞 )
Neither watch works , they are both broken .
［注意］neither 作形容詞只能與單數名詞或代詞連用。
2 ) ( 用于否定句 ) 也不 ( 副詞 )
John won't go , and neither will I .
He cannot swim , neither can his brother .
You did not see him , neither did I .
3 ) ( 常和 nor 連用 ) 也不 ( 連詞 )
It is neither blue nor green .
Neither you nor I am right .
4 ) ( 兩者 ) 都不 ( 代詞 )
Neither of them is good health , but they work hard .
Neither of the stories was true .
［點撥］neither…nor…連接的兩個并列成分作主語時，謂語的單復數符合就近一致原則。如：Neither you nor he is kind .
4 . nor 也不 ( 用在 neither , nor , not , never 等否定詞之后 ) ( 連詞 )
I have neither brothers nor sisters .
I didn't go , nor did they .
He doesn't want to go there , nor do I .
5 . dig 挖，掘 ( 動詞 )
They have started digging their potatoes .
He was digging a hole .
The truth was dug out .
［點撥］dig 的過去式，過去分詞，現在分詞分別為 dug , dug , digging。
6 . hole 洞；坑
The boat has a hole in each side .
Please fill the hole in my tooth .
7 . deep 深的，深厚的，深色的 ( 形容詞 )
There is a deep well in our village .
This river is not very deep .
Her coat is deep red .
The old man had a deep love for the Party .
［點撥］be deep in a book 埋頭讀書。talk deep into the night 談到深夜。deep 常用于具體的深度，包括時間和空間。deeply 用于抽象的、比喻的“深”。
8 . earth 土；泥；地球；大地
Mother planted flowers in the earth .
The earth is bigger than the moon .
9 . tie ( 用繩、線等 ) 系；扎；拴 ( 動詞 )
The boy tied the dog to the tree .
They tied him with cords .
I am tied to my work all day .
［點撥］tie sth to… 把……系 ( 拴 ) 在……tie sth , with sth . 用……系 ( 拴 ) … 10 . water 澆水、灌溉 ( 動詞 )
They are watering flowers in the garden .
They are watering the streets .
［點撥］water 作抽象名詞和物質名詞表示一般概念時前面通常不用冠詞，只有當它被一個限制性定語修飾時才加冠詞。
11 . untrue 不真實的；假的 ( 形容詞 )
It is an untrue story .
He is untrue to his friends .
［點撥］untrue 是由形容詞 true 加前綴 un - 構成的。
12 . forest 森林
Most part of the country is made up of forest .
They travel in the forest once a year .
［點撥］forest 指占地廣大，而人跡稀少，有鳥獸棲息的森林，而 wood 指樹林，人工培植林，或已開發的林子。
13 . sand 沙；沙子；沙灘
A child likes to play with sand .
The children are playing games on the sands .
［點撥］sand 作“沙，沙子”講是不可數名詞，當“沙灘”講是可數名詞。
14 . copy 照搬；謄寫；模仿 ( 動詞 )
Copy the sentence down .
He copied a page of the book .
Copy this down in your notebook .
I want you to copy carefully from this model .
［點撥］Copy in the examination 考試作弊，Copy down 記下，抄下。
15 . northern 北方的；北部的 ( 形容詞 )
The northern part of our country is very cold in winter .
［點撥］northern 無比較等極形式，類似的還有：southern 南方的，eastern 東方的，western 西方的。
16 . million 百萬；百萬個 ( 人或物 )
There are more than five million people in this city .
Millions of people went to the streets to welcome the king .
［點撥］million 前如有數詞，million 則不加 s , 如加了s 后必接 of。
17 . toward ( s ) 向；朝；對于 ( 介詞 )
A group of students are walking toward ( s ) she sea .
She was walking toward ( s ) town when I met her .
［點撥］在后跟人時，towards含有“態度性”。如：
Is he friendly towards her ?
What are his feelings towards us ?
18 . among 在……之中 ( 介詞 )
She was sitting among her children .
I found him among the crowd .
There is a small house among the trees .
［點撥］among 表示三者或三者以上的之間。
19 . mountain 山；山脈
It is difficult to get to the top this mountain .
They are climbing the mountain .
The mountains were covered with snow .
［點撥］in ( the heart of ) mountains 在 ( 深 ) 山中，a mountain of difficulties 困難重重。
20 . grow
①種植；栽培 ( 及物動詞 )
In early spring we grow trees around our house .
②生長，成長 ( 不及物動詞 )
Plants cannot grow without water .
The rice is growing fine .
He has grown into a fine young man .
③發展，增長 ( 不及物動詞 )
They city is growing fast .
The population is not growing so fast in this area .
［點撥］grow 的過去式，過去分詞為 grew , grown . grow 還可作系動詞用，后接形容詞作表語，grow up 長大，成人。
單元詞組思維運用
1 . neither…nor 既不……也不
He is neither Japanese nor Chinese .
Neither he nor I know that .
［注意］當它用來連接兩個主語時，其謂語動詞的形式取決于后一個主語的人稱。試比較：
Neither you nor I am right .
Neither you nor he is right .
Neither he nor you are right .
2 . knock…into 把……插進；把……敲進
Knock a long , strong stick into the earth next to the hole .
A long stick must be knocked into the earth .
Knock the nail into the wall , please .
3 . make sure 務必；查明；弄確實
Make sure that it is straight .
Make sure that all the windows are closed .
Make sure you get there on time .
I think there is a train at 5 : 15 , but you'd better make sure .
Have you made sure of the time of the train ?
4 . in a few years' time 幾年之后
In a few years' time , we hope to cover those mountains , too !
［注意］in… 's ( s' ) time , 表示“在某時間之后”，又如：
She is going to Beijing in three days' time .
I'll be back in a week's time .
He will be back in an hour's time .
He has promised to pay me in three months' time .
5 . tie…to 把…捆在 ( 拴在 ) ……
He tied the horse to the tree .
They tied the bad to the big tree .
When he woke up , he found himself tied down to the ground .
6 . be just right 正合適，合適的。
The weather is just right for travelling .
This book is just right for reading .
7 . stop…from doing 制止……不使……；阻止
It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south .
The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away .
8 . point to ( point at ) 指向，指引
He points to the high mountains far away .
He pointed the way to the bookstore ( station ) .
He pointed to ( at ) the forest .
9 . far away 遙遠
The moon is far away from the earth .
She lives far away .
10 . thanks to 由于，幸虧，多虧
Thanks to the doctor , I am well again .
Thanks to John's kind help , we finished it early .
11 . more or less 或多或少，大約
He knows some English more or less .
It is helpful more or less .
They were more or less hungry .
The bicycle costs ＄100 more or less .
12 . be covered with 覆蓋著，盡是
The table is covered with a cloth .
The mountains were covered with snow .
The trees are covered with flowers .
二、學海導航
【 學法指要 】
單元句型思路明晰
1 . so that 引導狀語從句的句型
Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight . 把樹放在洞內，讓它立直。
［明晰］so that 的意思是“以便，為了”，引導一個目的狀語從句。又如：
We got up very early so that we could catch the train .
I ran very fast so that no one should catch up with me .
Close the door so that it is warm is the room .
2 . 現在進行時的被動語態句型
Today , too many trees are still being cut down it the USA . 在美國，今天還
有大量的樹在被人們砍伐著。
［明晰］句中的 are being cut down 是現在進行時的被動語態。又如：
More Great Green Walls are being built all over the world .
The TV set is being repaired right now .
3 . the + 比較級，the + 比較級
The more , the better . 越多越好。
［明晰］①“the + 比較級，the + 比較級”，意思是“越……越……。”又如：
- What size box do you want ?
- The bigger , the better .
Ask all of them to the party , the more , the better .
The more carefully you do the experiment , the better .
Start your work . The sooner , the better .
②“the + 比較級，the + 比較級”的完整句式是“the + 比較級 + 主 + 謂，the + 比較級 + 主 + 謂”，如：
The more people you know , the less time you have to see them .
The more I gave him , the more he wanted .
The more he eats , the fatter he gets .
The harder you work , the more you will learn .
The earlier we start our work , the sooner we can finish it .
4 . 表示計量的句型“數詞 + 名詞 + 形容詞”
The Great Green Wall is 7 . 000 kilometres long , and between 400 - 1 , 700 kiiometres wide . 綠色長城長7000公里，寬400至1，700公里。
［明晰］表示計量的句型的常用結構形式：
“主 + 謂 + 數詞 + 表示單位的名詞 + 形容詞”用來表示“某物有多長 ( 寬、深、高 ) 等，又如：
The wall is three metres high .
The stick is five inches long .
The boy is eight years old .
單元難點疑點釋疑
1 . Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow ! 明天你穿舊衣服到學校來。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) 句中的介詞 in 可表示服飾的穿著。例如：
Do you know the girl in the hat ?
He is often in brown .
What shall I go in ?
2 . It's Tree Planting Day . We're going to plant some trees .( 明天是 ) 植樹節，我們將種一些樹。
［釋疑］plant 一詞還可用作名詞，意思是“植物”。例如：
There are different kinds of plants on that farm .
Plants can bring us much fresh air . 植物可帶給我們大量新鮮的空氣。
3 . Really ? Wonderful !
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) wonderful 常用于對事物的贊嘆、稱許及驚訝，用以表達說話者分外驚奇的心情。在口語中使用時相當于great . 例如：
It's wonderful that you have won the football match .
His uncle is a wonderful maths teacher .
( 2 ) wonderful 是在名詞 wonder ( 驚奇，奇跡 ) 后加上 -ful 構成的形容詞，常見的還有：use - useful , help -helpful, care-careful, beauty -beautiful
4 . HOW TO PLANT A TREE 如何種樹
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) 英語中用作標題的文字，一般常用大寫。
( 2 ) 不定式前面常常可以根據意思的需要與疑問副詞或疑問代詞一起構成短語
We don't know when to go there .
The problem is where to plant trees .
We were not sure what to do at that time .
5 . The ground must be just right - neither too wet nor too dry . 地面必須剛好適宜 , 既不太潮濕也不太干燥。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) neither…nor…連詞，“既不……也不……”之意。分別放在兩個平行的述說對象的前面。例如：
He is neither tall nor short .
I can neither sing nor dance .
Neither you nor he knows French .
上面句中的謂語動詞形式取決于后一個主語的人稱，這一點要特別注意。請比較：
Neither he nor you know French .
( 2 ) neither 一詞單獨使用時，可作副詞或代詞，意為“ ( 兩者 ) 都不”，下列句中的名詞或動詞應用單數形式。例如：
Neither answer is right .
Neither of them knows me .
6 . Knock a long strong stick into the earth next to the hole . Make sure that it is straight . 把一根又長又結實的木棍順著洞邊插進土里，一定要把它立直。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) knock…into… “把……插進……；把……敲進……”。例如：
Please help me knock the nail into the wall .
( 2 ) next to “挨著”。例如：
His bedroom is next to mine .比較：
He lives in the next bedroom .
Next to our school is a big lake .
Who sits next to you ?
( 3 ) make sure “查明，弄確實”。例如：
You must make sure that he didn't lie .
It's hard for me to make sure whose handwriting is better .
7 . Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight . 把樹放在洞內，讓它立直。
［釋疑］so that 意為“以便”，“為了”，引出一個表示目的的狀語從句。又如：
He gets up early in the morning so that he can catch the early bus .
Close the door so that it is warm in the room .
8 . Tie the tree to the top of the stick to keep it straight . 把樹和木棍的頂端捆好，以保持樹能直立。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) tie…to…“把……捆在……”。例如：
They tied the bad man to the big tree .
Tie his hands to the back of the chair .
to keep it straight 是動詞不定工，在句中作狀語，表示捆樹的目的。straight 是賓語 it 意義上的補充和延伸，所以叫做賓語補足語。又如：
We always keep our classroom clean .
Don't touch the machine . You must keep yourselves safe .
( 3 ) 在句中常用來作賓語補足語的還有動詞不定式、分詞、名詞等。例如：
We all call him Lao Wang . 我們都叫他老王。
Who helped you to wash these clothes ?
I saw him going into the office when I came back last night .
9 . Water it well , as often as possible . 盡可能經常地給樹澆好水。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) water 可用作動詞，意為“給……澆水”。
英語中有些表示物質的名詞也可用作動詞，試比較下列句中 fish 及 rain 的詞性。
He likes to fish on Sunday . But he doesn't like eating fish very much .
We had much rain last month , but it hasn't rained these days .
( 2 ) 類似 as often as possible 的說法還有：
as soon as possible 盡可能的快 ( 指時間 ) , as fast as possible 盡可能的快 ( 指速度 ) ,as more as possible 盡可能的多, as early as possible 盡可能的早
10 . Why was the Great Green Wall built ? 為什么要營造綠色長城 ?
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) The Great Green Wall 指的是三北防護林，即：西北、東北和華北。
整個防護林橫貫十三省、市、自治區。
( 2 ) 該句為一般過去時被動語態。
11 . In 1850 , about a third was covered by forests . 1850年，大約三分這一 ( 的美國國土 ) 被森林覆蓋。A third 即為 one third 或 1/3。
［釋疑］英語中分數的文字表達，分子用基數詞，分母用序數詞，先讀分子，后讀分母。當分子大于1時，分母用相應的復數。例如：2 / 3 讀作 two thirds . 5 / 7 讀作 five sevenths .
12 . A lot of good land has gone with them , leaving only sand . 大片的肥沃土壤隨著森林的消失而流失，只留下一片荒沙。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) leaving only sand 在句中作狀語，表示土壤流失后的景象。
( 2 ) leave 常用的兩個意思為“離開”及“留下”。請比較下面兩個句子：
The mother left the baby and hurried to work .
Don't leave your baby along in the room .
13 . Today , too many trees are still being cut down it the USA . 如今，在美國，大量的樹木仍遭砍伐。
［釋疑］句中的 are being cut down 是現在進行時的被動語態。
14 . China does not want to copy the USA's example . 中國不愿意步美國的后塵。
［釋疑］copy 在此意為“照抄”，“照搬”。例如：
Copy a drawing . 臨摹圖畫。
He is copying the sentences on the blackboard .
15 . The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away .
［釋疑］stop…from doing sth . “阻止……以免……”，“防止……做某事”。
I have often stopped myself from doing something wrong .
You must stop that big dog from coming into the house .
16 . They must be built all over world . 全世界都必須營造綠色長城。
［釋疑］含情態動詞的被動語態結構：情態動詞 + be + 過去分詞，又如：
This work must be finished in a week .
The trees should be watered often .
In south China , rice may be harvested three times a year .
17 . Many thousands of trees must be planted every year . 每年都得裁成千上萬株樹。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) many thousands of“數千；萬千上萬”，thousand 在此是名詞。又如：hundreds of 好幾百, millions of 數百萬
( 2 ) hundred , thousand , million 也常常用作數詞，此時后面不能加 s。例如：
We've learned about eight hundred English words .
That farmer had over five thousand ducks .
18 . The more , the better . 越多越好。
［釋疑］這種句式的結構為：“the + 比較級，the + 比較級”，意為“越……越……”。請看：
Ask all of them to come to the party . The more , the better .
Start your work . The sooner , the better .
The more I think of it , the happier I am .
The harder you work , the greater progress you will make .
19 . This year alone , we've already planted ten thousand trees . 僅僅在今年，我們已經裁了一萬棵樹。
［釋疑］alone 是形容詞，在句中意為“僅僅”。又如：
The people live by bread alone .
We all think that he alone can do it .
20 . But we're growing a lot more now , thanks to the Green Wall . 然而，幸虧有了綠色長城，我們現在種植了更多的糧食作物。
［釋疑］thanks to…構成副詞短語，意為“幸虧”，“由于”例如：
Thanks to their help , we won the match .
We arrived at the railway station in time , thanks to that bus driver .
21 . Is it straight ? More or less . 樹放直了嗎 ? 基本上是直的。
［釋疑］more or less “或多或少，差不多”。例如：
What he said is more or less true .
22 . 同義詞 wear , dress , in , put on , try on 的區別
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) wear ( 穿，戴 ) ，表示穿著的狀態，它不僅可以表示“穿著”某種
衣服，還可廣義地用于穿鞋、穿襪、戴帽、戴手表、戴眼鏡等。如：
She was wearing a red dress ( a pair of white gloves , glasses , a gold ring , a new watch ) at the ball that night . 那天晚上在舞會上她穿著紅色連衣裙 ( 戴著一副白手套，眼鏡，一枚金戒指，一塊新手表 ) 。
( 2 ) dress ( 穿，穿著 ) ，既可表示穿著的動作，又可表示穿著的狀態，只用于穿衣。當 dress 作及物動詞時，后面的賓語只能是人。
Have you finished dressing ?
He dressed and went out .
She was dress in with .
Mother dressed the child .
( 3 ) in ( 穿著，身著 ) ，表示狀態。in 是介詞。
The PLA men are in green uniform .
The comrade in blue is director of the play .
Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow !
( 4 ) put on 強調“穿，戴”的動作，不能與表示持續性的時間狀語連用。如：
He put on his coat and went out .
He put on his glasses to read the letter .
You don't need to put on your cap .
( 5 ) try on ( 試穿 ) ，表示動作，如：
I went to the tailors to try on my new suit .
Several pairs f shoes were tried on , but none of them were satisfactory .
Can I try it on ?
Mary was trying on a new dress .
23 . must be 的幾種意義
［釋疑］①在被動語態中，表示“必須，應當”即：
“must + be + 過去分詞”，如：
Young trees must be looked after .
This thing must be handled with care .
A greenhouse must be built first .
This must be done as soon as possible .
②must be 表示一種推測，意思是“大概是”，“可能是”，“準是”，如：
He must be in the workplace now .
Grandpa Li must be over seventy now .
I'm afraid you must be right .
Ah ! it must be more delicious !
③must be 表示“必須是”，“一定是”。如：
The ground must be just right - Neither too wet nor too dry .
The answers must be right .
24 . 表示命令、請求和指示的交際用語
［釋疑］命令、請求或指示對方干什么或不要干什么，在英語中最常用的是第二人稱祈使句，主語 you 通常不表示出來。祈使句的肯定式以原形動詞開始，句首或句尾可以加 please ; 祈使句的否定式以“Don't + 動詞原形”開始。例如：
Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight .
Water the trees as often as possible .
Don't dig the hole too large .
25 . It's best to do sth . 最好是…… ( 干某事 )
［釋疑］這是表示建議的交際用語，意思相當于“You'd better do sth . ” ( 你最好干某事 ) 。如 It's best to plant trees in spring because it's warmer . ( = You'd better plant trees in spring because it's warmer . )
It's best to water well when the earth is dry .
It's best to fill in the hole with earth .
It's best to harvest at the right time .
It's best to come to school in your old clothes tomorrow because we are going to plant trees in the park .
【 妙文賞析 】
The Lose Outweights the Gain
Joel Adams laments , “When we went on vacation two years ago , burglars broke in and stole ＄250 . So , last year I got smart , I left all the lights on and turned on all the radios and TV s . The burglars were afraid to show up and didn't get a cent - but the electric company got ＄523 ! ”
得不償失
喬爾亞當斯悲嘆道：“兩年前我們外出度假，家里沒有人，小偷撬門進來偷走了250
美元。去年我學聰明了。我把屋里所有的燈、收音機和電視都打開。小偷不敢來了，一分錢
都沒偷走，可電力公司向我們要去了523美元 ! ”
【 思維體操 】
你能猜出下列謎語嗎 ?
1 . What letter is a drink ?
2 . What letter is a part of the face ?
3 . What letter is an insect ?
4 . Which letter goes all around an is land ?
5 . What changes a pear into a pearl ?
6 . What is the most important thing in the world ?
7 . What is that which is seen twice in “every day”and four times in“every week”yet only once in“a year” ?
8 . Why is the letter B like fire ?
9 . Why is the letter F like a cows tail ?
10 . What part of London is in France ?
11 . Why is the letter G like the sun ?
12 . Why is the letter T like an is land ?
13 . Why is U the happiest letter ?
14 . Which letter is most useful to a deaf woman ?
15 . What letter in the alphabet and travel the greatest distance ?
16 . What is the end of everything ?
17 . In what way are the letter O and E neatly keep house a like ?
18 . What does the letter B do for boys as they grow up ?
19 . Why is a sewing machine like letter S ?
20 . Why is a false friend like the letter P ?
1 . T ( tea ) 2 . I ( eye ) 3 . B ( bee ) 4 . C ( sea ) 5 . L 6 . The letter E , because it is first in everything and everybody . 7 . Letter E . 8 . because it makes oil boil . 9 . Because it is at the end of beef . 10 . The letter N .