load n.[C]
1.) 裝載;擔子 The load on that beam is more than it will bear. 那根梁上的載重超過了它所能承受的量。
2.) (精神方面的)負擔;重任 The good news has taken a load off my mind. 聽了這個好消息我就放心了。
3.) (車,船等的)裝載量;一車(或一船等)貨物 The truck was carrying a load of sand. 卡車裝運一車沙子。
4.) 工作量
Measures have been taken to lighten the load of the hospital doctors.已采取措施減輕醫院醫生的負擔。
vt.
1.) 裝,裝載[(+with)] The workers are loading the ship with coal. 工人正把煤裝上船。
2.) 把彈藥裝入(槍,炮);把膠卷裝入(照相機) Don\'t forget to load your camera. 別忘了給你的相機裝膠卷。
3.) 使擺滿;使充滿;使長滿 [(+with)] The air was loaded with soot. 空氣充滿煤煙。
4.) 大量給予[(+with)] His brothers and sisters loaded him with books. 他的哥哥姐姐送給他許多書。
vi. 1.) 裝貨[(+up)] Have they finished loading up yet? 他們把貨物裝完了嗎?
2.) 上子彈 The soldiers loaded and fired. 士兵們裝上子彈便射擊。
Compulsory adj.
1.) 必須做的;義務的;必修的 Is English a compulsory subject?英語是必修科目嗎?
Education is compulsory for children in most countries. 多數國家對兒童實施義務教育。
2.) 強制的,強迫的 compulsory legislation強制性立法
tendency n.[C]
1.) 傾向;癖性;天分[(+to/toward)][+to-v]
He has a tendency towards pessimism.他有悲觀的傾向。
Bob has a tendency to exaggerate things.鮑勃有愛夸張的傾向。
2.) 趨勢,潮流[(+to/toward)][+to-v]
There is a tendency towards regional cooperation.有一種地區性合作的趨勢。
3.) 傾向;意向 His new magazine has anarchic tendencies.他的新雜志有無政府主義傾向。
drop out
1.) 脫離 Luckily, I dropped out before the deal turned sour. 很幸運的,在交易變壞前我已退出了。
One of my teeth has dropped out. 我的一只牙齒掉了。
2.) 退出;退學 She dropped out of school to become a waitress. 她退學去當女招待。
expand vt.
1.) 展開,張開(帆,翅等) The eagle expanded its wings. 老鷹展開翅膀。
2.) 使膨脹;使擴張
3.) 擴大;擴充;發展 He is thinking of expanding his business. 他正考慮擴展他的生意。
4.) 詳述 They have expanded my view on the question. 他們已更充分地闡明了我對這個問題的觀點。
vi. 1.) 展開,張開 2.) 擴張;發展;增長
In ten years the city\'s population expanded by 12%. 十年之中,該城人口增加了百分之十二。
3.) 膨脹 Water expands when it freezes. 水結冰時體積膨脹。
A tire expands when you pump air into it. 輪胎打了氣就會脹大。
4.) 詳細說明[(+on/upon)]
distribute vt.
1.) 分發;分配[(+to/among)] They had distributed the lands among the peasants. 他們把土地分給農民。
2.) 散布,分布[(+over)]
This species of butterfly is widely distributed over our country. 這種蝴蝶在我國分布很廣。
3.) 分,分開[(+into)] The teacher distributed the pupils into three groups. 老師把學生分成三組。
donate vt.
捐獻,捐贈[(+to)] She donated her books to the library. 她把自己的書捐贈給圖書館。
donate blood獻血
vi. 捐獻,捐贈[(+to/towards)] My husband donates to that group every year. 我丈夫每年都捐錢給那個組織。
donation n.[(+to)]
1.) 捐獻,捐贈[U][C] She made a donation of $5,000 to the Children\'s Hospital. 她捐了五千美元給兒童醫院。
2.) 捐款;捐贈物[C]
curriculum n.[C]
1.) 學校的全部課程
The student is very knowledgeable because he also studies things not in the curriculum.
這個學生知識很豐富,因為在學校課程以外他還學習別的東西。
2.) (一門)課程
The professor is busy preparing his chemistry curriculum plan. 這位教授正忙于準備他的化學課程計劃。
profession n.
1.) (尤指受過良好教育或專門訓練者,如律師、醫生、教師的)職業，專業[C]
She intends to make teaching her profession. 她打算以教書為業。
2.) 同業,同行[sing.]
The teaching profession claim that they are badly paid. 教師同行們聲稱待遇太差。
He is a leading member of the medical profession. 他是醫療業中首屈一指的醫生。
3.) 聲明;表白[C][(+of)] She did not believe in his professions of love. 她不相信他的愛情表白是真的。
比較：career n.
1.) (終身的) 職業，事業[C] He wasn\'t interested in her stage career. 他對她的演戲職業不感興趣。
2.) 經歷;生涯;歷程[C]
He found it both interesting and instructive to learn about the careers of great men.
他覺得了解偉人的生平既很有趣又有教益。
比較：occupation n.
1.) 工作,職業[C] What is your father’s occupation? 你父親的職業是什么？
2.) 消遣;日常事務[C][U] He was bored for lack of occupation. 他因無所事事而感到厭煩。
3.) 占領,占據;占領時期[U]
The Japanese occupation of Taiwan lasted fifty-one years. 日本占領臺灣達五十一年之久。
4.) 占用;居住;占用(或居住)期
No one is yet in occupation of the house. 這所房子還沒有人住進去。
所以，在三個表示職業的詞中，profession n.(尤指受過良好教育或專門訓練者,如律師、醫生、教師的)職業，專業，[C]；career n. (終身的)職業，事業[C]；occupation n.職業，工作 [C]，是一種泛指。
advocate vt.
擁護;提倡;主張[+v-ing]He advocates reforming the prison system. 他主張改良監獄制度。
obtain vt. 得到,獲得 He failed to obtain a scholarship. 他沒有獲得獎學金。
They obtained a loan from the government. 他們從政府那里得到一筆貸款。
vi. 得到公認;通用;流行;存在
Those conditions no longer obtain. 那些情形已不存在。
The custom still obtains in some areas. 某些地區仍保留著這一習俗。
gain vt. 1.) 得到; 獲得, 贏得 (戰爭、訴訟等有用、需要之物)
Our army gained the battle. 我們的軍隊贏得了那場戰役。
He gained possession of more land. 他擁有了更多的土地。
2.) 獲得（利益、利潤等） I gained $3 by selling it for more than I paid for it. 我可以賤買貴賣獲利3 美元。
3.) 增加,增添 I gained five pounds in a week. 我一個星期體重增加了五磅。
obtain 和gain兩個詞在表示“獲得”時，有下面的區別：
To obtain means to get esp. by making some effort;
To gain means to get or obtain something useful, necessary, wanted, etc esp. over a length of time and as an addition to what one has
select vt.
選擇,挑選,選拔[(+for/from)]
He selected a team for the special task. 他為這項特殊任務挑選了一組人馬。
Mr. Reed has been selected to represent us on the committee. 里德先生代表我們已被選入委員會。
vi. 做出選擇,挑選
adj. 1.) 挑選出來的;精選的
A select group of their friends was invited to the wedding. 他們的經過挑選的一群朋友應邀參加婚禮。
2.) 上等的,優等的,卓越的 She only stays at select hotels. 她只住一流旅館。
select/elect/ choose的區別
choose指在兩個或多個中選擇其一，可與from或between連用；select通常是指同類事物中選擇最好或最合適的；elect 則指通過選舉選出。
Will you help me choose myself a new coat? 請你幫我選一件新外套，好嗎？
If you had to choose (between) staying here alone or going with me, what would you do?
是一個人呆在這里，還是同我一起去，如果你必須對此做出選擇，你會怎么做呢？
He selected a pair of socks to match his suit. 他挑選了一雙與他所穿的衣服相配的短襪。
They elected Nixon as President. 他們選舉尼克松為總統。
choose和 elect 都有“決定”的意思，只是elect 比choose 正式，并常常指有關將來的重大的大決定。在結構上，choose 之后還可有that 引導的賓語從句。
He chose not to go home until later. 他決定晚些時再回家。
He chose that we should stay. 他決定說，我們得留下來。
He elected to be a doctor. 他決定將來當一名醫生。
suit n. (一套)衣服[C] I picked out a black suit. 我挑了一套黑色西裝。
vt. suit 1.) 適合,中...的意
Would Friday morning suit you? 星期五早上對你合適嗎?
The arrangement suited us both. 這個安排對我們兩人都合適。
2.) (不用被動式) 與...相配,與...相稱 This dress suits you beautifully. 這件衣服你穿非常合適。
3.) 使合適; 使適應 [(+to)] Her speech was well suited to the occasion. 她的講話在這個場合十分得體。
vi. 1.) 合適,適當 Will that time suit? 這時間合適嗎?
2.) 相稱; 彼此協調 [(+to/with)] The position suits with his abilities. 這個職位與他的能力相稱。
比較：fit作動詞的用法
vt. 1.） (衣服)合...身;與...相稱 This dress doesn\'t fit me. 這件衣服不適合我穿。
2.） 適合于;使適合 [(+for)]
Her training fits her for the job. 她所受的訓練使她能勝任這項工作。
We must fit the action to the word. 我們必須言行一致。
3.） 安裝 Can you fit the electric fire for me? 你能替我裝上電爐嗎?
vi. 1.） (衣服)合身;適合 Does this shirt fit? 這件襯衫合身嗎?
2.） 符合;配合
重難點解析
● Listening and speaking
1. People aged 15 and over who are unable or find it very difficult to read.
十五歲及以上不識字或識字有困難的人。
（1）aged 形容詞。①本句中意為“有…歲的，…年紀的。”
e.g. Among the smokers, about 20 percent of them are children aged between 13 and 15 years old.
百分之二十的吸煙者是13至15歲的兒童。
In the morning old people get up early and practice Qigong in groups in parks, and a lot of middle-aged people dance together.清晨，老年人早起在公園里成群地練氣功，中年人在一起跳舞。
② aged 還有“年老的”意思。 “the aged”指“老年人”。
e.g. The sick and the aged need our help. 這些病人和老年人需要我們的幫助。
The aged woman was wrinkled and bent. 這個老婦人滿臉皺紋，佝僂著腰。
● Reading
1. In China, as in other countries, the government realizes that the future welfare of its citizens is closely linked to education. 在中國，正如在別的國家，政府意識到公民未來的幸福與教育緊密相關。
(1) as in other countries,相當于as it is in other countries, it 指代的是后面提到的情形。
e.g. In India, as in China, you can enjoy ancient culture and attractive scenery.
在印度，正如在中國，你可以領略到古老的文化和迷人的風景。
(2) be closely linked to “與…緊密相關的”。由“link sth to(with) sth”而來，意為：“使和…聯系起來”。相當于“be related to”.
e.g. Ice and snow are closely linked to the lives of Canadians. 冰與雪與加拿大人的生活緊密相關。
Violence is the activity that has been most frequently linked with the consequences of TV.
暴力行為往往與看電視的后果相聯系。
2．In areas where agriculture plays an important role, people do not attach importance to education, and parents are skeptical of anything that takes children away from their work on the farm. 在農業占主要地位的地區，人們并不重視教育，父母親對任何有礙他們的孩子干農活的事都持懷疑態度。
（1）attach importance (significance )to 意為“重視”。
e.g. Do you attach any importance to what he said. 你認為他說的話重要嗎？
The government should attach importance to various types of education to meet the needs of the changing world. 政府應當重視發展各種類型的教育以適應不斷發展的社會。
（2）be skeptical of /about 表示“（對某事物）不肯相信，常懷疑的（unwilling to believe sth）”。
“skeptical”為美式拼寫， 在英國英語中拼成“skeptical”.
e.g. I’m rather skeptical about their professed sympathy for the poor.他們聲稱同情窮人，我對此有些懷疑。
They say apple clean your teeth, but I’m skeptical about that myself.
他們說蘋果能清潔牙齒，我對此持懷疑態度。
3． China and other countries found that even when children from the countryside do start school, they have a tendency often to be absent and often drop out later. 中國和別的國家都發現，即使這些農村來的孩子真的開始上學，他們也總有逃學并最終輟學的傾向。
have a tendency to do do sth 意為“傾向，趨向。” “tendency” 的動詞為“tend”
“tendency” 還可構成“（have） a tendency to /towards”的詞組。
e.g. Milk has a tendency to go sour in hot weather . 熱天牛奶易變壞。
Boys have a stronger tendency to fight than girls. 男孩比女孩更有打斗傾向。
All children have a tendency towards illness. 小孩都較易患病。
(1) drop out 表示“退出，掉隊，退學”之意。
e.g. The class began with ten students, but several have dropped out within the last month.
這個班級開始時有10個學生，但在最后一個月時，好幾個人退學了。
Teenagers who drop out of high school have trouble finding jobs.
中途輟學的青少年求職時會碰到困難。
4． China’s large population meant that the schools had to expand to take in many more students. 中國大量的人口意味著學校不得不擴大以接納更多的學生。
（1） mean在此句中意為：“意味著…”后面可以跟名詞、動名詞或從句。
e.g. Life to him meant action, rather than thought. 對他來說，生活意味著行動，而不是思索。
I won’t wait if it means delaying more than a week. 我不會等待，如果這意味著耽擱一個多星期。
In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour.
(2002上海春招) 在倫敦的一些地區，錯過一輛巴士意味著得再等一個小時。
(1) expand 表示“擴大，增大（become greater in size, number or importance）”.
e.g. Our foreign trade has expanded greatly in recent years. 我們的對外貿易近來有極大的發展。
His modest business eventually expanded into a supermarket empire.
他原先不大的生意后來擴展成了超級市場集團企業。
（4）take in 本句中意為“接受，接納。”它還可以表示以下等含義：
① 理解，領會，明白
e.g. They listened to my lecture, but how much did they take in, I wonder?
他們聽了我的講座，但是我懷疑他們到底聽懂了多少。
② 包括，涉及
e.g. The article takes in all aspects of the problem. 這篇文章包括了這個問題的所有方面。
③ 欺騙，使上當
e.g. Don’t trust that fellow, he’ll take you in if he gets the chance.
不要相信那個家伙，他一有機會就回會騙你。
④ 將（衣服）收小，改瘦。
e.g. I’m getting much thinner, I’ll take in all my clothes. 我瘦多了，我得將我所有的衣服都改小。
5． In north and central Australia the population is so spread out that children in some rural settlements can be as far as 1,000 km away from the nearest school. 在澳大利亞的中北部地區，人口非常分散，以至于一些居住在鄉村地區的兒童離最近的學校也有1000公里路。
spread out 表示“散開”的意思。
e.g. Halong Bay in Vietnam is made up of three thousand islands spread out in the clear green waters of the sea. (SEFC B 2B U15) 越南的九龍灣由三千個島嶼構成，這些島嶼散布在蔚藍清澈的大海中。
Don’t all sit together, spread yourselves out. 別都擠在一塊兒，分開坐吧。
6． In these countries, where some people do not even have fresh water or basic health care, reaching the target of “Education for All” will be a huge task, despite help from the international community. 在這些國家里，有些人甚至不能喝到新鮮的水，得到基本的健康護理，要達到普及教育的目標將是一個艱巨的任務，盡管能得到國際社社會的支持。
（1） 此句中where引導的定語從句限定前面的countries. 本文中出現了較多的where 引導的定語從句。應注意前面的先行詞。如：
① In the Turks and Caicos Islands, where there are less than 20,000 people, the number of students in some schools is so low that students of several different grades are taught in the same class.
在特克司和凱科斯群島， 人口不足兩萬，有些學校學生數量很少，以至于幾個不同年級的學生在同一間教室里上課。
② To solve this, Australia uses “distance learning” method, where the students have lessons by two-way radio and mail.
為了解決這個問題，澳大利亞采用了遠程教學的方法，學生們可以通過雙向廣播和郵件傳遞來學習。
● Language study
1. In today’s world of computerized working and developing technology, continued education is often essential for people to meet the changing requirements of their profession. 在工作電腦化和科技不斷發展的今天，為了滿足人們職業的不斷變化的需求，繼續教育是非常必要的。
(1) 此句中應注意幾個非謂語動詞computerized, continued , developing和changing，在句中作定語, 分別限定其后面的名詞。過去分詞表被動，現在分詞表示正在進行。
(2) computerize “用計算機做某事，使計算機化”。
e.g. The accounts section has been completely computerized. 會計科已完全計算機化了。
computerize 的后綴- ize或 –ise表示“使…,…化”。類似結構的詞有modernize(現代化), realize(意識到)，apologize(道歉)，popularize(使…受歡迎)等。
(3) 此句中continued為形容詞，作定語。 意為：“繼續不停的(going without stopping)”。
e.g. We have accumulated rich experience for the continued education of government employees and professionals.我們在組織和實施公務員和專業技術人員繼續教育方面積累了相當豐富的經驗。
(4) meet/satisfy/ fulfill the requirements “滿足…的需求”。
e.g. Our latest model should meet your requirements exactly. 我們的最新型號包你滿意。
In applying for the position of sales manager I offer my qualifications, which believe will meet your exacting requirements.為了申請銷售經理的職位，附上我的合格證書，我認為會符合你們嚴格的要求的。
Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:
你的文章應該包含提供的所有信息，并滿足以下要求。
2. Parents are not prepared to send girls to school because they do not believe it will be
of any benefit. 父母親不愿意把女兒送去上學，因為他們認為這不會帶來任何好處。
(1) 此句中be prepared to 意為“能夠并愿意做某事（be able and willing to do sth）”。
e.g. I am prepared to lend you the money if you promise to pay it back.我愿意把錢借給你，你得答應還給我。
I ’m not prepared to stay and listen to these outrageous insults.我可不愿意在這兒受這種奇恥大辱。
（2）be of benefit to
① be of benefit to “對…有好處”。benefit前可用“real, great, much, immense”等形容詞修飾。
e.g. Doing morning exercises will be of benefit to your health. 做早操對你的健康有利。
② "(be)+of+名詞"結構中的名詞是抽象名詞時,相當于其中名詞所對應的形容詞
的意思,說明被修飾詞具有某種特征或屬性。常用的名詞有:
use/importance/help/value/interest/quality/service/benefit/necessity等。
e.g. I don't want to hear what you are saying. It is of no interest to me. (of no interest=not interesting) 我不想聽你說,我對此不感興趣。
Coal is of great importance to the development of industry. (of great importance=very important) 煤對工業發展是相當重要的。
New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.
(SEFC BI U 18) 新西蘭的酒質量很好，并且被銷往世界各地。
You'll find this map of great ________in helping you to get round London.(Key: C)
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
3. However, when the facts are examined, it is clear that educating girls leads to
improved health and levels of income. 然而，仔細觀察事實可以發現，顯然讓女孩接受教育，最終可以改善健康狀況和提高收入水平。
(1) 此句中應注意句型It is clear that …,it 是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的從句。從句的主語是動名詞短語educating girls, improved health and levels of income作lead to 的賓語。
類似的句型有：
It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain....) that .....
常譯為“清楚（顯然，真的，肯定．．．）”， 是主語從句最常見的一種結構。
e. g It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
It was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.
大家都清楚那個孩子受過虐待。
(2) lead to sth “導致某種結果( have sth as its results)”。 lead to中的to為介詞。
后跟名詞或動名詞, 2003年上海高考題中，thief與catch 之間是被動關系, 故用了動名詞的復合結構的被動形式。
e.g. The discovery of new evidence led to _______ .('03上海) (key C)
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards。
嬰兒學會做事情，因為它的某些行為能有所回報，這個觀念為人們所普遍接受。
The person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. 2001年春季高考英語試題（北京卷完形）
這個人必須查尋信息，使問題更清晰，并找到可能的解決方法。
(3) improved health 其中的“improved” 是過去分詞作定語，限定health。
e.g. School health programs lead to increased student wellness and improved ability to learn.
學校的健康活動改善了學生的身體狀況，并且也提高了學生的學習能力。
He believes that only hard work and perseverance can lead to improved performance.
他相信只有努力和毅力才能提高他的表演水平。
● Integrating skills，
1. Learning style theory suggests that different people have different ways of obtaining information and use various methods to demonstrate their intelligence and ability.
學習風格理論表明不同的人有不同的獲得信息的方式，并且用不同的方法表現出他們的智力和能力。
(1) suggest
①本句中suggest表示“暗示、表明”時，后接名詞或that從句（從句謂語用陳述語氣）。
e.g. Are you suggesting that I’m too old for the job? 你的意思是說我太老而不能勝任這個工作了？
His failure in the exam suggested that he had not worked hard enough．
他考試沒及格表明他學習還不夠努力。
②suggest表示“建議、提議”時，后接名詞、代詞、-ing形式或that從句（從句謂語用“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略）。
e.g. I suggest we go shopping together and look for a nice tank．我建議我們一起去商店買一個精致的魚缸。
I suggested that he（should）leave early．我建議他早點動身。
(2) obtain 取得某物，經（買、借、拿等）獲得
e.g. There are people who gamble or cheat to obtain money. Those people try to get money by dishonest means. 有一些通過欺騙和賭博獲得錢的人，他們總想通過不誠實的手段來得到錢。
I obtained this record for you with difficulty. 我好不容易為你弄到了這張唱片。
(2) demonstrate
① demonstrate在本句中指“表明，表示（show）”.
e.g. His sudden departure demonstrates that he is unreliable. 他的突然離去表明他的不可靠。
② demonstrate 在高二教材中出現時，表示“示威集會或游行 ”。
可構成詞組，demonstrate (against/in favor of sb /sth) 示威游行反對或贊成某人或某事。
它的名詞形式有demonstrator游行者,示威者，demonstration 示威或游行。
e.g. Thousands demonstrated against the price increases. 數以千計的人舉行示威，抗議物價上漲。
The police arrested more than 100 demonstrators. 警察逮捕了100多名示威游行者。
2. Although experts have many ideas and categories of learning, it is evident that people learn in three basic styles: learning through seeing, learning through listening and learning through doing. 盡管專家對學習有很多的想法和分類，但顯然，人們通過三種基本的方式來學習：視覺型學習，聽覺型學習和動覺型學習。
(1) It is evident that …主語從句。相當于 “It is clear/obvious that …”.詳見Language Study 的第3句解析。
(2) evident 形容詞，表示“明顯的，清楚的（obvious, clear）”。
e.g. He looked at his children with evident pride. 他以明顯的得意態度望著他的孩子。
The applause made it evident the play was a hit. 掌聲表明這個戲劇很成功。
3. Learning through doing means being active in exploring the environment and finding out about things by moving and touching. 在實踐中學習意味著積極地探索環境，通過觸摸去了解事物。
(1) 此句中注意…by doing sth 這個結構，用來表示通過某種方式或手段。本文中
出現的還有：
e.g. Students who find it easiest to learn a new concept by hearing a teacher explain it are learning through listening. 有一些學生，他們發現學會一個新概念的最簡單的方法是聽老師解釋，這些學生是通過聽來學的。
4. Students who have this learning style take a hand