Teaching objectives and demands:
1. Words and useful expressions:
Learn and master the new words and expressions in this unit: At breakfast, edge, in danger, regularly, mark, face, god, Africa, East Africa flood, level, figure, date from, rebuild, effort, make a good effort, extra temple, Egypt, Aswan, dam, the High Dam, Abu Simbel, Nile, pyramid
2. Everyday English for communication
I’d prefer to do…
What shall we do?
I’d like to do...
Can’t we...?
Maybe we could...
How about...?
I think we should do that another day.
I think that’s a good idea.
You’d better...
3. To help the students know something about Abu Simbel and the importance of protecting historic sites.
4. Language use: Manipulate listening, speaking practice
Key points:
1. Everyday English for communication
2. Words and useful expressions
3. Grammar: the grammar items about attributive clause
Time arrangement:
This unit is arrangement to be finished in 5~6 teaching periods, including a unit test.
Teaching procedures:
Lesson 89
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises of the previous unit.
(2) Brainstorm the topic of water. Ask the Ss What can we do with water? (Drink/wash/make electricity, etc.) Where can we find water? (Ocean/ sea/river/lake/rain, etc.) Where does our city/ town/village get water from? Collect notes on the Bb. Teach the word dam.
Step 2. Presentation
Tell the Ss Today we are going to read/listen to a dialogue about Egypt. Draw a rough map of Africa on the Bb to show the location of Egypt. Draw a rough map of Egypt to show the location of the capital Cairo, the River Nile, and Aswan in the south.
Teach the new word temple. Tell the Ss: The White family are visiting Aswan. They are talking about their plans for today. What does each person want to do today? Draw this table on the Bb.
wants to … doesn't want to …
Mr White
Mrs White
Pippa
Bob
Ask for some examples (go boating/visit Aswan/go shopping/go for a walk). Tell the Ss to copy the table into their exercise books.
Step 3. Dialogue
SB Lesson 89, Part 1. Speech Cassette Lesson 89.
Play the cassette or let the Ss read the dialogue. Tell them to write down the information in the table which they have prepared. Then get them to compare the answers by making sentences (Pippa doesn't want to visit Aswan.) Check the answers with the whole class. Go through the dialogue with the Ss and deal with any language points. Point out that Mr White makes several suggestions, using We could/can. Ask the Ss to guess the meaning of edge.
Step 4. Explanations to the dialogue
1. The White family are on holiday in Egypt. 懷特一家在埃及度假。
(1) family是表示一個集體的集合名詞。當(dāng)其作主語時， 謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)均可。如果把它視作一個集體，則用單數(shù)； 如果把它看作這個集體中的個體，則用復(fù)數(shù)。句中的family 被視作這個集體中的個體(family members家庭成員)， 所以謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)動詞are。例如：
“How are/is your family?”--“ They are fine/It's fine, thank you.”
“你一家都好嗎?”--“都好，謝謝�！�
Betty's family is a happy family. They are all music lovers.
貝蒂的家庭是一個快樂的家庭。全家人都是音樂愛好者。
The five families suffering from the fire have moved to a new building.
遭受大火之苦的五家人家已經(jīng)遷入一座新樓去了。
類似的集合名詞還有 army( 軍隊 ) 、 group( 小組 ) 、organization(組織)、nation(民族)等。例如：
Our study group is an excellent group in my class.
我們學(xué)習(xí)小組是班里的優(yōu)秀小組。
A group of children were playing football. 一群小孩子在踢足球。
(2) be on holiday 在度假，在休假。例如：
Some of the office workers are on holiday. They are travelling in Beijing.
有些辦公室工作人員在度假，他們在北京旅游。
The Black family is on holiday on an island off the coast.
布萊克一家正在海邊的一個小島上度假。
除be on holiday之外，還可以用go on holiday。 但前者表示狀態(tài)(在度假)；后者表示動作(去度假)。例如：
Jack told me that his parents had gone on holiday two days before.
杰克告訴我，他的父母親兩天前就去度假了。
2. I'd prefer to do that tomorrow. (=I'd like to visit the town of Aswan tomorrow.) 我想明天去參觀阿斯旺市。
“I'd prefer…”是“I should/would prefer…”的縮略語，是表示偏愛的交際用語，后跟不定式，構(gòu)成“I'd prefer to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)， 意思是“我更喜歡干……”或“我寧愿干……”。根據(jù)上下文，to do that = to visit the town of Aswan。例如：“Shall we take a bus?”--“No, I'd prefer to walk.”
“我們坐公共汽車好嗎?”--“不，我寧愿走路。”
“There are several places we could visit. We could visit the Great Wall today. ”--“ I'd prefer to do that tomorrow.” “有好幾個地方可以去參觀。今天我們可以參觀長城。 ”--“我倒希望明天去�！�
3. I'd like to do some shopping, but not during the day. (=…， but I don't like to do shopping during the daytime.) 我想買點東西，但不想在白天去。
I'd like to take a boat on the River Nile. 我想乘船在尼羅河上玩玩。
這兩句中的“I'd like…”是“I should/would like …”的縮略語，后跟不定式，構(gòu)成“I'd like to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)。它是表示意愿或希望的交際用語， 意思是“我很想干某事”、“我希望干某事”。例如：
I'd like to talk with her; she is such a kind woman.
我很想同她談?wù)勗�，她是一個非常和靄的女人。
It's a lovely day; I'd like to go swimming in the river.
天氣很好，我想去河里游泳。
The summer holiday is coming; I'd like to go back to my hometown as soon as possible. 暑假就要來了，我想盡快回家鄉(xiāng)去。
4. Can't we visit the High Dam? (=Shall we visit the High Dam?) 我們難道不可以參觀高壩嗎?(去參觀高壩好嗎?)
“can't we…?”是表示建議的交際用語。是一個否定疑問句，提出個人的建議和看法，希望得到肯定的答復(fù)，有時含有責(zé)難、驚訝等情緒。例如：
“Can't we go shopping in the evening?”--“of course.”
“難道不可以晚上去買東西嗎?”--“當(dāng)然可以�！�
We are students. Can't we have the right to speak?
我們是學(xué)生，難道就沒有權(quán)利說話了嗎?
5. I don't feel like walking very much today. (= I don't want to walk very far or for a long time.) 我今天不太想走路。
feel like是短語動詞，作“想要”解(want)， 后面常跟動詞的-ing形式。 “feel like doing sth. ” 是“想要干某事”的意思。例如：
She was sad when she got the news. She fell like crying.
她得到這個消息時很憂傷，她想哭。
“How are you feeling today?”--“ Not very well. I don't feel like eating.”
“今天你覺得怎么樣?”--“不太好，我不想吃飯。”
“Do you feel like drinking some beer? ”--“ No, thank you.”
“你想喝點啤酒嗎?”--“不喝，謝謝�！�
6. It's on the edge of the lake that has been made by the dam . (=The temple is by the side of the lake. It is a man-made lake as a result of the building of the dam.) 寺廟座落在由于建壩而開挖出的湖的邊上。
(1) 句中的“It”指上文所說的“The temple at Abu Simbel”。句中的“the lake”指納賽爾湖(Lake Nasser)， 它是由于興建大壩而開挖出的人工湖，全長449公里�！啊璽hat has been made by the dam”是定語從句，修飾先行詞lake。
(2) on the edge of (=by the side of)在……邊緣。例如：
Don't stand on the edge of the well. It's dangerous.
不要站在井邊上，那很危險。
There are some benches on the edge of the lake. 湖邊上有幾條長凳子。
You'd better not put the glass on the edge of the table; it might fall off.
你最好不要把玻璃杯放在桌子邊上，它可能摔下來。
7. How about that? (=How do you think about that?) 你認(rèn)為這個意見如何?
“How/what about…?是用來征求意見， 詢問情況或提出建議的交際用語，后面通常跟名詞、代詞或動詞的 -ing 形式。本句中的that指上文的“乘船游尼羅河，然后參觀阿斯旺”這件事。例如：
“I'd like to visit the nature park. How about you? ” --“I'll go with you.”
“我想去參觀天然公園，你呢?”--“我同你一道去。”
“I think we could have a boat trip in the lake first, and then go shopping. What about that? ”--“I think that's a good idea.” “我看先在湖里乘船游覽，然后再去買東西。這個意見怎么樣? ” --“我認(rèn)為是個好主意�！�
8. Then anyone who wants to can go for a walk round Aswan after the boat trip. (=Those who want to visit Aswan can do that after the boat trip.)
乘船游覽以后，凡是想去的人都可以去阿斯旺各處走一走。
這是一個復(fù)合句，主句是“anyone…can go for a walk round Aswan after the boat trip”， 其中插入了一個定語從句“who wants to”，它是“who wants to go for a walk round Aswan after the boat trip”的省略。
英語中有些及物動詞(如want,hope,like,love等) 后作賓語的不定式短語，常因為在上下文中意義明確而省略， 只保留不定式符號。如本句中的“who wants to”中的不定式符號to ，就是“ to go for a walk…”的省略。在口語中， 這種省略尤為常見。例如：
They went to visit the temple because they wanted to.
他們想去看寺廟，所以就去了。
Anyone who hopes to can get a job in the town.
凡是希望在市內(nèi)謀職的人都可以找到工作。
“How about going for a walk after the meeting ? ” --“I'd like to if the weather permits.” “開完會去散散步怎么樣?” -- “要是天氣允許我倒是很想去。”
Would you like to go shopping with me this afternoon? ” --“I'd love to.”
“今天下午同我去買東西，好嗎?”--“好的�！�
9. You'd better take a hat. 你最好戴一頂帽子。
“You'd better+do sth.”是表示建議或勸告的交際用語， 意思是“你最好(干某事)”。“You'd better ”是“ You had better ”的省略， 后跟動詞原形。 否定結(jié)構(gòu)是： “ You'd better not do sth.”(你最好不干某事)，否定詞not放在You'd
better之后，原形動詞之前。例如：You'd better take a boat if you want to see Aswan without walking too much. 如果你想看看阿斯旺而又不走太多的路，那么你最好乘船去。
The concert is about to start. You'd better hurry up.
音樂會馬上要開始了。你最好快一點。
“Is there a bus stop nearby? ”--“ Yes, but you'd
better not take a bus. You'd better take a taxi.” “附近有公共汽車站嗎?”--“有，不過你最好不要坐公共汽車，你最好坐出租車去。”
Step 5. Practice
Speech Cassette Lesson 89. Play the tape of the dialogue for the Ss to listen and repeat. Then let them practise the dialogue in pairs.
Step 5. Group work
SB Lesson 89, Part 2. Divide the class into groups of four. Go through the suggestions for the dialogue and practise the phrases on the right-hand side of the SB. Ask the class for suggestions of places to visit and write this list on the Bb. Join a good group and demonstrate the beginning of the dialogue by asking What should we do on Sunday?
Step 6. Workbook
Wb Lesson 89, Exx. 1 - 3.
Ex. 1 helps revise the dialogue. Do this exercise with the whole class.
Give the Ss a few minutes to work on Ex. 2. Then check the answers with the whole class. Discuss any problems the Ss may raise.
Get the Ss to read the dialogue over in Ex. 3 in pairs, getting the meaning clear and filling. the gaps with suitable words. Check the answers with the whole class. If possible, call out several pairs to act out the dialogue.
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 89 in the workbook.
(2) Revise the key points of this lesson.
(3) Preview the next lesson.
Lesson 90 Aswan Dam
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the key points in Lesson 89.
Step 2. Presentation
SB Lesson 90, Part 1. Say to the Ss Look at the picture. What can you see? (The Aswan Dam.)
Can you guess which country it is in? (Egypt.)
This dam is very important to Egypt. It controls the waters of the River Nile. It produces 20-50% of the electricity Egypt needs. But there were also problems. As a result of the dam, the water level of the lake rose by 63 metres. People had to move away. What's more? The temples around Aswan were in danger. One of the most important temples in danger was at Abu Simbel. Now I'd like you to read the passage to find out why the temple was in danger. Give the Ss a few moments to find the answer. (Because when the dam was finished, the temple would be covered by the new lake.)
Step 3. Reading
Write these headings on the Bb:
The Aswan Dam
Why it was built:
The size of the dam:
Problems:
Ask the Ss to copy these headings in their exercise books and to make notes as they read the passage.
Allow them several minutes to complete the task in pairs or on their own. Collect their suggested answers on the Bb. See if the Ss can guess the plans that the engineers suggested to save the temple.
Go through the passage and deal with any difficult points. See if the Ss can guess the meaning of new words such as flood, level and figure.
Step 4. Language points
1. Three of the biggest man-made projects in the world are the Great Wall of China, the Pyramids of Egypt and the Aswan High Dam, which is also in Egypt. 世界上有三個最大的人造工程，它們是中國的長城、 埃及的金字塔和阿斯旺高壩，后者也是在埃及境內(nèi)。
“…，which is also in Egypt ”是一個非限制性定語從句，用以對先行詞the Aswan High Dam作補(bǔ)充說明， 它同主句之間通常有逗號隔開。關(guān)系代詞which系指the Aswan High Dam，在從句中作主語。例如：
The capital of England is Londan, which is also the capital of Britain.
英格蘭的首府是倫敦，它也是英國的首都。
My hometown is Hangzhou, which has many places of interest.
我的故鄉(xiāng)是杭州，它有許多名勝。
2. The new dam controls the waters of the Nile so that they now run regularly all through the year. 新的大壩控制著尼羅河河水的流量， 使之一年到頭都能正常地流過。
water(水)作為物質(zhì)名詞，通常用單數(shù)。例如：
The water in this lake can't be used for drinking. 這個湖里的水不能作飲用水。
但是，water作“(水的) 流量 / 容量”解時 ( contents of a river/lake)，它可以用復(fù)數(shù)，其代詞也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：
How can you measure the waters of the lake? 你怎么測量湖水的容量呢?
The waters of the river run too fast; it's dangerous to swim in it.
這河里的水流得太快，在河里游泳很危險。
3. Now about 20-50% of the electricity which Egypt needs is produced from this dam. 目前埃及所需電力的20 -50%左右是由這座水壩提供的。
(1) 這是一個復(fù)合句。主句是“ Now about 20- 50% of the electricity…is produced from this dam.”， 中間插入一個限制性定語從句“which Egypt needs ”， 修飾先行詞electricity。
(2) 百分比的符號(%) 讀作[pD'sent]， 可以寫成 per cent(分寫)，也可以合寫成percent。用百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時，謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)均可。若主語視作整體， 動詞則用單數(shù)；若主語視作個體，則動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：
In that country, over 60% of oil supply comes from abroad.
在那個國家，60%的石油供應(yīng)來自國外。
80% of the workers in the car factory are men, only 20% of them are women.
那家汽車工廠的工人，80%是男的，只有20%是女工。
4.The dam,which is the biggest in the world, is 3,803 metres long. 那座水壩長3830米，它是世界上最長的水壩。
(1) 這是一個復(fù)合句，主句是“The dam…is 3, 830 metres long.”，中間插入一個非限制性定語從句“which is the biggest in the world”，對先行詞dam作補(bǔ)充說明。例如：
The Nile, which is the longest river in Egypt, no longer destroys crops.
尼羅河是埃及的最長的河流，它再也不摧毀莊稼了。
The temple, which was built in the 13th century BC, is world-famous.
那座寺廟建于公元前十三世紀(jì)，是一座舉世聞名的寺廟。
(2) 英語中表示“有多長/寬/等高”時，常用“數(shù)字+單位( 復(fù)數(shù))+long/wide/high…”，如本句中的“3，830 metres long ”以及下文中的“980 metres wide�！崩纾�
The street is about 200 metres long, 3 metres wide.
那條街大約有200米長，3米寬。
Gezhouba Dam, which is the first biggest dam on the Changjiang River, is 2,560 metres long, 70 metres high.
葛洲壩是長江上第一座最大的壩，長2，560米，寬70米。
Her brother is a famous basketball player; he is 6 feet tall.
她的兄弟是一位著名的藍(lán)球隊員，身高6英尺。
5. Before they began to build the dam, people already knew that there were going to be several problems. (=Before people began to build the dam, they knew that there would be several problems.) 在開始建壩時，人們就已經(jīng)預(yù)料到這項工程將會帶來許多問題。
(1) 這是一個復(fù)合句。主句是“people already knew…”，后跟由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句“… that there were going to be several problems”，其中用了“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)的過去將來時(there were going to be)。句首是一個由before 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，其中的they泛指“人們”(people)。
(2) “there be ”結(jié)構(gòu)的過去將來時是“ there was/were going to be”，表示“(過去)將會有……”的意思。 主語的單/ 復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞用was或were。此外，“there be ”的過去將來時還可以用“there would be …”來表示， 兩者意思基本相同， 但“there was/were going to be…” 還含有“肯定會要發(fā)生的”意思。例如：
He told me there was going to be rain the next day. (= …there would be rain the next day.) 他同我說過第二天會下雨的。
Before the project was started, no one knew there were going to be so many difficulties. (…there would be so many difficulties.) 在這項工程開始之前，誰也沒有料想到會有這么多的困難。
6. Also, around the area of Aswam there are a lot of improtant old temples, which date from about 1,250 BC. (…there are a lot of important old temples, which have existed since about 1,250 BC.) 而且在阿斯旺地區(qū)的周圍還有許多重要的古廟， 它們是公元前 1250年左右建成的。
date from(或date back to)是一個短語動詞，表示“( 從某個時期起)就已經(jīng)存在” ( to have existed since the date of building or origin)，可譯作“從某時期開始(有)”、
“可追溯到……(時期)”等。例如：
This kind of music dates from the 18th century. 這種音樂可追溯到18世紀(jì)。
The church date