1. work“生效，起作用，行得通”；還可作“（機器等）運轉，運作”解。
The medicine worked and then the doctor operated on the patient.
藥物產生作用后醫生對病人實施了手術。
The medicine worked and the pain went away.藥效發揮，疼痛消失了。
Will these methods work?這些新方法會有效嗎？
It doesn’t work well.這東西效果不好。
2．work out （1）vi.練習，鍛煉
Whatever the weather is like, my sister works out in the gym. every day.我妹妹每天去體育館鍛煉。
（2）計算出。解決（問題）
Can you work out how much money it will cost?
（3）詳細擬定（計劃、方案等）
He worked out all the details of the plan.他詳細擬定了那頂計劃。
4）被努力完成，巧妙地處理
I hope the new project will work out well.我希望計劃能順利完成。
（5）（口）（結果）成為
How did his suggestions work out?他的提議結果怎么樣？
3．figure n.人物，大人物；體形，身材；數字
an outstanding figure 一位杰出人物
have /keep a good figure擁有/保持好的身材
be good/poor at figures不擅長計算
figure out:理解；計算出
I can’t figure out why he said so.
figure sb to be 料想某人是。。。
figure in把。。。列入考慮
figure on期待，指望
4．weight n.
put on =gain weight增加體重，發福，發胖
lose weight 減肥，消瘦
weights and measures
in weight重量（是）
by weight按重量
watch one’s weight注意體重
be of a weight=be of the same weight一樣重
be of an age=be of the same age年齡一樣大
weigh vt.稱。。。重量，量體重
The man weighed the fish by hand.那人用手估量那條魚的重量。
vi. 重。。。， 有。。。重量
It weighs 6 pounds.那東西有6磅重。
5.be ashamed of 對。。。感到羞愧，因。。。而難為情
He is ashamed of his failure./He is ashamed of having failed./He is ashamed that he had failed.
be ashamed of oneself為自己感到羞愧
be ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧
be ashamed to do 對于。。。感到可恥
be ashamed at/of對。。。感到慚愧
be ashamed that感到慚愧
shame 作不可數名詞“羞愧”，常用 feel shame at同義于 feel ashamed of
作可數名詞“可恥的人，物”“可惜的事”
作V。使某人感到羞愧
To my shame, I never thanked him for his kindness.
You have shamed your family.你給你家丟臉了。
6.recover vt.康復，重新獲得
I’m slowly recovering my strength after a flu.
We soon arranged our plan and recovered our losses.
vi. 與from連用。“回復到正常狀態（健康，神智，繁榮）
Has the manager recovered from the shock yet?
7.failure 1)作不可數名詞
His failure resulted from his carelessness.=His carelessness resulted in his failure.
2）抽象名詞具體化“失敗的人或失敗的事”
As a teacher ,he is a great success; but as a father, he is a great failure.
fail 1)vt./vi失敗，沒通過
He failed in everything he tried.
She failed (in) the examination.
在表示“不及格”時Fail作 vi./vt. (in )可以省略。
2）沒能夠。后接to do sth/in doing sth。但接to do的情況較常見。
I failed in persuading /to persuade him.我沒能說服他。
3）vi.健康、體力、視力等衰退；減弱；消失
His eyesight is failing.他的視力在衰退。
Fail in health健康衰退
The wind failed 風停了。
4)vt.辜負，使失望；對。。。不起作用
Her tongue failed her when she tried to reply.她想回答，舌頭卻不聽使喚。
His heart failed him.他失去了勇氣。
Words failed me.我激動得說不出話來。
8.match 棋逢對手，旗鼓相當的對手。
I’m no match for you at running.在賽跑方面我不是你的對手。
He has never met his match in judo.
Find/meet one’s match棋逢敵人，遇到對手，遭到（應付不了的）難題。
Vt.（在。。。）與。。。匹敵。成為。。。的敵人；勢均力敵
No one can match her in her knowledge of classical music.
在古典音樂的知識方面沒人比得過他。
9. operate vt/vi操作（機械等）。運作，使轉動，轉動，運轉
Can you operate this computer?
operate in deep water在深水操作
起作用，見效果
The medicine began to operate at once. 藥立即開始見效
Vi動手術
Operate on sb. for tumor(腫瘤)對某人施行切除腫瘤手術
10 advice
a piece of advice
refuse/turn a deaf ear to one’s advice 拒絕/不聽某人的建議
take/follow/accept one’s advice
ask for one’s advice=ask sb for advice
give advice on sth./how to do sth.
advise
（1）n/pron the doctor advised (taking) a week’s rest
（2）sb (not) to do sth.
（3）doing
（4）sb against (doing) sth
（5）(sb) that+從句
suggest sth. to sb./to sb. sth.
~ doing sth
~sb/sb’s doing
that從句
~ to sb. that
11. damage n. v. 加害于，損害
smoking can damage your health.
cause /do damage to給某人帶來傷害
suffer~蒙受損失
damage可指不同程度的損害破壞
destroy 毀滅性的破壞
harm指身心健康的傷害
pressure 壓，壓力，壓迫感
under ~被迫，在壓制下
bring/put pressure on給…壓力
12. consider v. 考慮
~+n/pron/doing/wh-+to do
Vt.認為
~sb/sth. to be/as+n/adj.結構
affect 影響、感動
effect n. 影響
have/produce an effect on對……有影響
come into effect生效
bring/carry sth. into effect實施，使生效
be of no effect無效的
side effect副作用
take effect vi. 生效，湊效
12. contain/include
include只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分
contain 可用于表示包含之物的全部或部分
The parcel contained a dictionary.那包裹里裝的是一本字典
The parcel included a dictionary. 那包裹里還裝了一本字典
Contain:里面有，裝有，容納，有時強調不可分割
The price includes postage charge.這個價格包括郵資在內
Sea water contains salt.
The book contains 12 units.
A foot contain 12 inches.一英尺等于12英寸。
Including…=…included
I will give you ten book, including a story book/a story book included.
We all went, me included.
The band played many songs, including some of my favorites.