Unit 5 The silver screen
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. While still a student, she played roles in many plays. 當(dāng)她還是一個學(xué)生時，就多次在話劇中扮演角色了。
While still a student 相當(dāng)于While she was still a student.在英語中有些表示時間、條件、方式或讓步等的從句有時可省略一些成分：如果從句的主語和從句的主語一致（或者是從句的主語是it），而且從句謂語中又包含be，那么這個主語和be動詞都可以省略。例如：
Don’t talk while (you are) eating.
When (he was) asked how he gained first place, he suddenly became cheerful.
If (they are)operated by computer in the future, many of the trains will have no drivers.
Although (it was)sold by a German company for the first time in 1899, aspirin has been around much longer than that.
They looked around the room as if (they were) looking for something.
The boys will go out to play football whenever (it is) possible.
2. marry 用法
marry在大多數(shù)情況下是及物動詞，（常用搭配：get/be married to sb , marry sb）
When did she get married? 她是什么時候結(jié)婚的？
在有副詞修飾時，marry可作不及物動詞用。
She married very early. 她結(jié)婚很早。
“和某人結(jié)婚”不能說“marry with sb.”, 應(yīng)該說“marry to sb.”也可以不與介詞搭配，將marry用作及物動詞。
She married a doctor. or: She was married to a doctor. 她和一個醫(yī)生結(jié)了婚。
3. degree n. 度，級； 程度； 學(xué)位
The summer months has an average temperature of more than 30 degrees centigrade.
夏天平均溫度超過30度。
He has a high degree of ability.他能力很高。
He took his degree in physics at the university last year.他去年在大學(xué)里獲得了物理學(xué)位。
to a ……degree, to a degree that 到……程度, 在……程度上
I agree with you to some degree.在一定程度上我同意你。
4. speed n. 速度 with great speed以很快速度 /at top (full, low, safe, high, ordinary) speed以頂尖速度/ 以全速/ 以低速/ 以安全的速度/ 以高速/ 以一般的速度
at a speed of 100 kilometers an hour以每小時100公里的速度
如以某個東西的速度為參照, 則為: at the speed of, 用定冠詞。如：
at the speed of sound以光的速度
2）v.快速地前進 過去式sped (常用搭配：speed up 加速)
He sped down the street. 他沿街快速前進。 The time sped quickly by.時間飛快地過去。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
5. keep構(gòu)成的一些短語
keep(sb.)away(from sth.)(使)離開(某物) , keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
keep sth.in mind記住某事, keep sb./sth. out(of sth.)不讓……入內(nèi)
keep back忍住(眼淚)，扣下，隱瞞, keep in touch with 與……保持聯(lián)系
keep(on)doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事, keep off遠(yuǎn)離，避開
keep up 保持(不低落)， 振作， （保持同一水平 如：We are having difficulty keeping up our mortgage payments. 我們難以繼續(xù)償還按揭貸款。）
keep up with 跟上，不落在后面
6. afford的用法 及物動詞，其主要用法如下：
(1)“擔(dān)負(fù)得起(……的費用、時間)”，常與can, could, be able to連用，表示“有足夠的(時間、金錢等)條件(做某事)”。
afford +n./pron, . afford to do sth.
Now many people can’t afford the medical treatment in the country. 現(xiàn)在在農(nóng)村許多人看不起病。
I can’t afford the time for it. 這時間我花不起。
We can’t afford to buy this new house. 我們買不起這新房子。
7. 關(guān)系副詞when/where不能替代“介詞+which”的場合歸納。
在定語從句中，when/where往往可以代替某些“介詞+which”。
Tell me the time when/at which the train leaves. 告訴我火車發(fā)車的時間。
但在下列情況下，when/where不能代替“介詞+which”。
(1)當(dāng)since, until, after, before+which時，不能被when代替。
I met Jack in 1980, since which I have never seen him. 我是在1980年見過杰克的，自從那時以來再也沒見他。
He came back at ten, until which we worked. 他十點鐘回來的，直到那時我們還在勞動。
He went to school at 8, before which he read English. 他八點鐘上學(xué)，這之前他讀了英語。
(2)當(dāng)on, behind, in front of, through, from, beside, around +which時，不能被where代替。
I saw a desk on which was a book. 我看見一張桌子上有本書。
The house, in front of which there is a tree, is my home. 那所房子是我的家，其前有棵樹。
This is the window through which the thief came in. 這就是賊從那進來的那個窗戶。
8. by sea, by the sea, in the sea, on the sea
by sea “走海路，乘船”，用來表示交通方式，同by ship同義。
These heavy boxes should be sent by sea. 這些重箱子應(yīng)由海路運送。
by the sea “在海邊”，相當(dāng)于on the coast。
There are many travelers by the sea. 海邊有很多游客。
in the sea “在海里，在海水中”
There are many plants and animals in the sea. 海洋中有很多動植物。
(4)on the sea “在海上”，也有“在海邊”的意思。
It was reported that many boats sailing on the sea had been lost. 據(jù)報道，在海上航行的很多船只失蹤了。
9. take off 1)脫下(衣服等), 解(除)掉 2）（飛機）起飛 取消，停演， 迅速流行，突然大受歡迎
the new magazine has really taken off. 這份新雜志真是大受歡迎。
He took off his wet shoes.他脫下了濕鞋子。
The show was taken off because of poor audience. 該劇因為不賣座停演了。
The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飛機準(zhǔn)時起飛。起飛非常順利。
10. be afraid, be afraid to do sth., be afraid of(doing)sth.
(1)be afraid意為“擔(dān)心，害怕”，多用于口語，常用來表示一種歉意，或遺憾，后可接so或that，也可接that從句。I’m afraid(that) 其語意相當(dāng)于I’m sorry, but…。
-Are we on time? 我們準(zhǔn)時嗎？ -I’m afraid not. 恐怕不準(zhǔn)時。
-Are we late? 我們遲到了嗎？-I’m afraid so. 恐怕遲到了。
(2)be afraid to do常表示“由于膽小而不敢做某事”。
She is afraid to be here alone. 她不敢單獨呆在這里。
He is afraid to jump into the river from the bridge. 他不敢從橋上跳進河里。
(3)be afraid of(doing)sth.常表示“擔(dān)心或害怕某事(發(fā)生)”。
He was afraid to walk across the one-logged bridge because he was afraid of falling into the river. 他不敢過那個獨木橋，因為他擔(dān)心會掉進河水里。
I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 我擔(dān)心傷害她的感情。
We are not afraid of difficulties. 我們不怕困難。
4) 給人不愉快的信息或不贊同某人意見時，用I’m afraid …
I’m afraid I’ve got bad news for you.
I’m afraid I can’t agree with you.
11. go wrong v. 走錯路, 誤入岐途, (機器等)發(fā)生故障
His friends helped him go wrong. 他的朋友把他帶壞了。
Please correct my spelling If I go wrong. 如果我寫錯了，請糾正我的拼寫。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
12. high與highly
(1)high既可用作形容詞，也可用作副詞，表示具體的“高的”“高地”之意。
The wall is two metres high. 這堵墻有兩米高。
They were climbing a high mountain. 他們在爬一座高山。
Can you jump that high? 你能跳那么高嗎？
The kite was flying high in the sky. 風(fēng)箏在天空中高高地飛翔著。
(2)highly是副詞，表示抽象的意思，“高地，高度地”。
He is a highly skilled worker. 他是一個高度熟練的技術(shù)工人。
The headmaster thought highly of our work. 校長高度評價了我們的工作。
13. owe vt. 1）欠(錢、物、債等)，后面通常接直接賓語和間接賓語，即owe sb sth 或owe sth to sb.
例如: I owe $20 to the tailor. 我欠裁縫二十美圓。
I owed John 60 dollars when I was in Paris.我在巴黎時，欠約翰60美圓。
2）應(yīng)該……歸功于……應(yīng)當(dāng)給予……
I owe it to you that I’m still alive. 我現(xiàn)在還活著，應(yīng)該感謝你。
If I have improved in any way, I owe it all to my teacher.如果說我有一些進步，這應(yīng)該全部歸功于我的老師。
I owe you many thanks.我非常感謝你。
We should do the duty which we owe to our country.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)對國家盡我們應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。
同義詞：because of, thanks to, due to
14. After that it still took seven years before they finally got married. 從那以后過了七年他們才結(jié)婚。
before……（以后）才。例如：
It was a long time before I got to sleep last night.昨天夜里過了好久我才睡著。
It will be four years before we meet again.四年以后我們才能再見面。
注意before的特殊用法：
1）不等．．．．．．就，
He went out before I had (had) a chance to tell him the good news.
我還沒來得及告訴他這個消息他就已經(jīng)出去了。
2）（不多久．．．．．．）就
We hadn’t waited long before the bus came.我們沒等多久，公共汽車就來了。
It won’t be long before you get well again.不久你就可以恢復(fù)健康了。
3）寧愿．．．．．．，也不．．．．．．
He will die of hunger before he will steal 他寧愿餓死，也決不行竅。
15. look up 查詢（如賓語為代詞，則代詞放中間）
Look up the word in the dictionary.在字典里查單詞。
相關(guān)詞組：look for 尋找；look after照顧，照料； look forward to期待；look into調(diào)查； look on旁觀；look out注意；look out for注意，留心，提防；look over翻閱，查看，檢查；look around環(huán)視；look through翻閱，查看。
16. stay away 不上班，不上學(xué)
17. run away from 從。。。逃走
18. determine to do , be determined to do 名詞：determination
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
Unit 6. good manners
1. manner
(1)用作可數(shù)名詞，意思是“方法”，“方式”，通常用單數(shù)形式。
I love duck cooked in Chinese manner. 我喜歡吃中國燒法的鴨子。
(2)用作可數(shù)名詞，意思是“舉止”，“態(tài)度”，常用單數(shù)形式。
I don't like his manner. It's too rude. 我不喜歡他的舉止，太粗魯了。
(3)用作復(fù)數(shù)形式，意思是“禮貌”，“規(guī)矩”。
It is bad manners to speak loudly in public. 在公共場合高聲講話是沒禮貌的。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
2. none，no one，nothing
①none用于指人和物，可與of短語連用，用作單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。
--“How many elephants did you see in the park?”
--“None．” -你在公園里看到幾頭大象? -一頭也沒看到。
②no one只能指人，不能與of連用，用作單數(shù)。
No one knows what they fought for． 沒有人知道他們?yōu)槭裁窗l(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭。
③nothing用于指物，不與of連用，通常泛指“沒有什么事情或東西”，用作單數(shù)。
Nothing can change the world． 什么也不能改變世界。
3. Custom, culture, habit，hobby 區(qū)別
[辨析]custom，habit，hobby
這三個詞都有“習(xí)慣”的意思，但含義有一定的不同。
①custom通常指大范圍、長時間形成的風(fēng)俗和習(xí)慣。也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接不定式.
②habit habit指個人生活習(xí)慣、個人的習(xí)慣有好有壞，后接of doing，不可接不定式。“(有)養(yǎng)成……習(xí)慣”常用be in/fall into/get into/form/have the habit of doing sth.句型；“戒掉……習(xí)慣”常用give up/kick/break away from/get out of the habit of doing sth.句型.
③hobby通常指“愛好”。
The Spring Festival is a custom in East Asia． 春節(jié)是東亞的一個風(fēng)俗。
He formed a habit of getting up early． 他養(yǎng)成早起的習(xí)慣。
Reading is his hobby． 看書是他的愛好。
Culture 文化，文明（國家或群體的風(fēng)俗，信仰，藝術(shù)，生活方式及社會組織）
4. impression
(1)通常用作可數(shù)名詞，意思是“印象，感想”，
e．g．He made a strong impression on (upon)us．他給我們留下了深刻的印象。
(2)impression的動詞是impress，意思是“留下印象”。常用短語impress sth. on (upon)sb．“某事給某人留下印象”。
e．g．What he did was greatly impressed on(upon)us．他所做的一切給我們留下深深的印象。
The girl impressed her sense of humour on(upon)her friends．這個女孩的幽默感給她的朋友留下深刻的印象。
5. at table意思是“就餐，吃飯”。at the(a)table表示“在桌子旁”。
You shouldn't speak loudly at table. 吃飯時你不該高聲講話。
He sat at the table，reading a novel． 他坐在桌子旁，看小說。
6. advice n. 忠告，勸告，建議
ask for one’s advice 征求某人的建議 give/offer sb. advice 給某人建議
take/follow one’s advice 接受某人的建議 some advice on/about… 有關(guān)……的建議（忠告）
advise v.勸告，建議（advise doing, advise sb to do ）
I advise that he should go at once.
我建議他馬上去。 注：advise接從句時，從句中的謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，形式為“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。
7. When drinking to someone's health，you raise your glasses，but the glasses should not touch． 在為某人健康干杯時，你舉起杯子，但杯子不能碰撞。
(1)drink在此句中意思是“干杯”，通常與介詞to連用。
Let's drink to the health of my teacher. 讓我們?yōu)槲业睦蠋熃】蹈杀?/p>
(2)drink還有“飲，喝”，“舉杯祝賀”的意思。
e．g．Let's drink beer together． 讓我們一起喝啤酒。
They drank success to the professor． 他們舉杯祝賀那位教授成功。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
8. raise，rise，lift
①raise用作及物動詞，意思是“舉起，抬起，抬高”，說明主語發(fā)出的動作是要作用于其它事物的。
②rise用作不及物動詞，意思是“升起，上升，起立”，說明主語自身移向較高的位置。
③lift用力“舉起”的含義。
Price has been raised up． 價格被提高了。
Price rises gradually． 價格漸漸地漲上去了。
The young lifted the stone at last． 那個年輕人終于舉起那塊石頭。
9. follow用法歸納
(1)表示“跟隨，馬上就來”。
I’m sending the letter today，the packet will follow later. 今天我先把信寄出，隨后寄出包裹。
(2)表示“遵循，依照……行事”。
The villagers still follow the customs that are passed down from their ancestors.
村民們還沿襲著祖先留下的風(fēng)俗。
(3)表示“聽懂，理解”。
As a beginner，she cannot follow the English Home Service quite well on the radio.
作為初學(xué)者，她無法完全聽懂廣播《英語家庭服務(wù)》。
(4)表示“如下”。
He received a note which ran as follows:“ The meeting will be delayed until next Monday.”
他收到一張便條，上面寫著如下內(nèi)容：“會議推遲到下星期一。”
10. sometimes，sometime，some time
①sometimes副詞，表示“有時候，不時”。
Sometimes he is late for class． 他有時上課遲到。
②sometime副詞，表示“曾經(jīng)，某時，有朝一日”，常同過去時或?qū)頃r連用，表示過去或未來某一不肯定的時間。
It happened sometime 1ast year． 那是去年某一天發(fā)生的。
Will you come and see me sometime? 你哪一天來看看我好嗎?
③some time名詞詞組，表示“一段時間”。
e．g．It will take me some time to read the novel． 讀這本小說花了我一些時間。
There is some time left. 還剩一些時間。
11. leave out 省去，遺漏，不考慮
e．g．You can leave out their plan. 你們能夠不考慮他們的計劃。
You shouldn't leave out this important detail in the trial．在審判中，你不該漏掉這個重要細(xì)節(jié)。
12. at this moment 在這時候； for a moment 片刻，一會兒；（at） any moment 任何時刻；馬上；at the last moment 在緊要關(guān)頭，在最后關(guān)頭；at the moment 此刻；正當(dāng)那時；暫時
for the moment 目前，暫時；in a moment 馬上，立刻
the moment (that)一……就……
The moment he saw me，he turned pale. 他一看見我就臉色蒼白。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
練習(xí) （unit 5）
19. 單句改錯
1.The baby after whom she is looking is my little nephew.
簡析：after應(yīng)置于looking之后，短語動詞look after不能拆開。
2.I saw all the apples which were on the table fall off into the floor.
簡析：應(yīng)將which改為that。當(dāng)先行詞被all, any, few, little, no等詞修飾時，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)選用that, 不能用which。
3.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself hearing.
簡析：應(yīng)將hearing改為heard。make oneself heard意為“讓別人聽到自己的聲音”。“make oneself+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞作賓語補足語，賓語oneself與賓補之間是被動關(guān)系。
4.This is the only bus which there is to the village.
簡析：將“which”改為“that”。在這個句子中，that there is to the village是定語從句，是there be句型，修飾其先行詞bus。而且先行詞bus被the only修飾。bus在定語從句中作主語，to the village也作bus的定語。整個句子意為“這是惟一通往那個村莊的一輛汽車”。
20. 高考真題
1.(NMET 1998)Cleaning women in big cities usually get ___________ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
簡析：選C。“按小時付報酬”與主語是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)選過去分詞paid。類似的表達常見的還有：get burnt, get wounded, get married等。
2. (NMET 1998)European football is played in 80 countries, ___________it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
簡析：選A。本句意為“八十多個國家都踢歐式足球，這使其成為世界上最流行的運動”。此處應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。此題可用排除法來考慮；不表目的，不用不定式，排除D；不是完整的句子，不用謂語動詞，排除B。其后跟有賓語和賓語補足語，不可能是被動的，排除C。特別要注意make后接復(fù)合賓語這種句型。
3. (2001 上海)He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ___________he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
簡析：選A。此題考查定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞為situation，引導(dǎo)從句的詞在定語從句中作狀語，因此這個復(fù)合句中的定語從句應(yīng)由關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。
4. (NMET 2001春招)Would you slow down a bit, please? I can’t ___________you.
A. keep up with B. put up with C. make up to D. hold on to
簡析：選A。此項中的短語keep up with含義為“跟上，趕上”，從上文的提示“讓對方慢下來一點”，體會出是“跟不上對方”，故選A。
5. (NMET 2001)The film brought the hours back to me ___________I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
簡析：選C。通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可以看出這是一個包含定語從句的復(fù)合句。先行詞是the hours，引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作狀語，因此要用when來引導(dǎo)此定語從句。有時命題者會在先行詞與引導(dǎo)詞之間加入附加成分，影響考生正常的解題思路，需特別注意。
Unit 6 能力訓(xùn)練
1. 單句改錯
1.It’s time for us to clean the desks. But we can’t find any clothes.
簡析：把clothes改為cloths。cloth作不可數(shù)名詞時，是“布匹”的意思，它作可數(shù)名詞時表示有特殊用途的布，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為cloths,而clothes是“衣服”的意思，不符合本句意思，故改為cloths表示“擦桌布”。
2.He prefer swimming to play football in summer.
簡析：將play改為playing。prefer A to B 等于like A better than B，即喜歡A勝過喜歡B，prefer+名詞/動名詞+to+名詞/動名詞，to 為介詞，故不能接動詞原形。
3.The girl students in our school are not allowed wearing high-heel shoes.
簡析：把wearing改為to wear。allow可接帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，“allow sb.to do sth.”表示“允許某人做某事”，其被動式應(yīng)為“sb.be allowed to do sth.”。另外，allow可跟動名詞作賓語，構(gòu)成allow doing sth.表示“允許做某事”，此結(jié)構(gòu)不可用于表達該句意義。
4.My house is quite close from the station.
簡析：把from改為to。表示“接近于……”，應(yīng)該是“be close to”，而不用“be close from”。
5.I apologize you that I had been so rude to you.
簡析：此句應(yīng)為I apologize(to you) for being so rude to you.
表示“為某事向某人道歉”用apologize to sb.for sth./doing sth.,不能用that引導(dǎo)從句。
2. 高考真題
1.(2000上海，42)-You’ve given us a wonderful Chinese dinner, Mrs.Wang.
-___________.
A. Oh,I’m afraid I didn’t cook very well B. I’m glad you enjoyed it
C. Come again when you are free D. It’s not necessary for you to say so
簡析：選B。此題要注意兩種文化背景的不同而帶來的行為習(xí)慣的差異。
2. (2000上海)-I don’t have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me?
-___________.
A. That’s fine B. Nothing serious C. Never mind D. No problem
簡析：選D。D是回答別人的請求的用語，相當(dāng)于“沒問題”。
3. (NMET 2000春)It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,___________for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. when D. which
簡析：選C。此處是非限制性定語從句，排除while(不引導(dǎo)定語從句)和that(不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)。關(guān)系詞在從句中作時間狀語，要用關(guān)系副詞when，而不用關(guān)系代詞which。
4. (NMET 2000)Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____,of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
簡析：選B。“of course”是插入語，略去不管則可看出，此處是個非限制性定語從句，需添一個關(guān)系詞，排除this 和what。又因先行詞是事情“always speaking highly of her role in the play”,因此用which,而不用who。
5. (NMET 2001春)John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,___________was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. who
簡析：選C。此處是非限制性定語從句，需用關(guān)系代詞，排除A. he和B. this。先行詞不是“人”(不是說“約翰是真的”)，排除C. who。先行詞是事物(是說“he’d been working in the office for an hour”是真實情況)，關(guān)系代詞用which。
6. (NMET 2001春)-Why haven’t you bought any butter?
-I___________to but I forgot about it.
A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected
簡析：選C。“mean to (buy some butter)”表示“本意是(要買些黃油)”，用了過去式表示“原打算”，此處將不定式省略，只留了不定式符號“to”。“l(fā)ike to do sth. ”是“喜歡干某事”；“wish to do sth. ”是“希望做某事”；“expect to do sth. ”是“預(yù)計干某事”都與上下文題義不合。