你一定喜歡美食吧！通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，我們將了解什么是健康食品，哪些是垃圾食品，以及菜譜、烹調(diào)方面的相關(guān)術(shù)語，請同學(xué)們在學(xué)習(xí)中注意此方面的詞匯、句型和日常用語。我們還要學(xué)習(xí)提出建議和勸告的句型以及相應(yīng)的回答，它屬于交際英語的一部分，是近年來考試的重點。另外，情態(tài)動詞had better, should 和ought to 也是本單元的重點。
學(xué)習(xí)要點
詞匯
stomach bag-like part of the food canal into which food passes to be digested.
examine look at carefully in order to learn about or from.
energy force to do things and get things done.
soft non-alcoholic（不含酒精）.
bar long piece of hard material (e.g. metal, wood, soap, chocolate).
fuel material for producing heat or other forms of energy, e.g. wood, coal, oil
diet the usual food and drink of a person or animal.
pace distance covered by the foot in a single step in walking or running.
fibre(=fiber) a slender threadlike object
mineral any of various natural substances（物質(zhì)）
balance ( vt, vi ) compare two objects, plans, etc in order to judge the relative weight, etc.
n. condition f being steady.
fit be the right measure, shape and size for.
digest (of food) change, be changed, in the stomach so that it can be used in the body.
gain get sth. wanted or needed; increase, add.
function special activity or purpose of a person or a thing.
brain (in man and animals ) the mass of soft grey matter in the head
peel (vt, vi ) take the skin off (fruit, etc).
( n) skin of fruit, some vegetables, young shoots, etc.
tasty having a pleasant flavour; pleasing to the taste.
steam give out vapour.
boil to reach the boiling point.
slice a thin, broad piece cut from a larger amount.
短語
句型
日常交際用語
表示建議，勸告的常用語：
1． advise sb. (not) to do sth.
2． You’d better (not) do sth.
3． suggest doing sth. / suggest that sb. (should) do sth.
4． Why not do sth. ?
5． Why don’t you do sth ?
6. How about/ What about doing sth?
7. Let’s do sth , shall we ?
8. Will you please do sth?
9. Shall we do sth?
10. Can’t we do sth?
重點難點突破
1.You ought to be careful with fruit.你吃水果時要小心。
1)ought to
①表示“應(yīng)該” You ought to take care of him. 你應(yīng)該照顧好他。
②表示 “推測” 注意與must表示推測時的區(qū)別：
He ought to be home by now. （不十分確定）他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)到家了。
He must be home by now. (十分確定) 他現(xiàn)在一定已經(jīng)到家了。
This is where the oil ought to be. (比較含蓄) 石油應(yīng)該在這個地方。
This is where the oil must be. （比較直率）石油一定在這個地方。
③ “ought to + have + 過去分詞” 表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實際未做。
You ought to have helped him. (but you did not) 你本應(yīng)該幫助他。（但你沒有）
2)should
①表示勸告，建議，命令，其同義詞是ought to 。在疑問句中常用should。
You should go to class now. 你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該去上課了。
Should I open the window? 我可以打開窗戶嗎？
②“should + have + 過去分詞”， 表示應(yīng)該做到而實際上沒有做到。
You should have stared earlier. 你本應(yīng)該早點兒開始。
2. It was a bit green. 它有一點兒生。
1）在肯定句中a bit 和a little 同義，表示“一點兒，一些”。如：
I’m a bit / a little hungry. 我有點兒餓
2）在否定句中not a bit = not at all / not in the least 意思是“一點兒都不”，是全否定，語氣較強(qiáng)；not a little = very / much/ very much ， 意思是“非常”。
I was not a bit tired after the climb. 那次登山后我一點都不感到疲勞。
The children were not a little tired after the climb. 那次登山后孩子們累極了。
3.It is nothing serious. 沒有什么。
修飾不定代詞時，形容詞放在不定代詞的后面。
nothing important 沒什么重要的 everything necessary 一切必要的事情
nothing specially interesting 沒什么特別有意思的
4.I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe in future.我建議你今后不要吃不熟的水果。
1) advise 建議
~sb (not ) to do sth 建議某人（不）作某事
~doing sth 建議作某事
~sth 建議某事
advise vt. ~that sb (should) do sth 建議某人作某事
~ sb on sth. 在某事上給某人提出建議
~sb against doing sth 建議某人不要作某事
give sb ~ on 給某人在某方面提出建議
give ~ to sb 給某人提出建議
advice n. follow / take one’s ~ 接受某人的建議
a piece / bit of ~ 一條建議
I advise you not to read in bed 我建議你不要躺在床上看書。.
What do you advise me to do? 你建議我怎么做呢？
We advise starting early. 我們建議早點出發(fā)。
The doctor advised a good rest. 醫(yī)生建議多休息。
The teacher advised that he (should) read English every morning. 老師建議他每天早晨讀英語。
2）比較suggest和advise的用法：
~ sth to sb
~ doing
~ that … (should) do 賓語從句用虛擬語氣
suggest It’s suggested that … (should) do 主語從句用虛擬語氣
The suggestion that … (should) do 同位語從句用虛擬語氣
My suggestion is that …(should) do表語從句用虛擬語氣
The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me.
她臉上的微笑表明她同意我的觀點。
suggest后不能接 sb to do，而advise可以。例如：
他建議我們參觀長城。
He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall.
He suggested us visiting the Great Wall.
He advised us to visit the Great Wall.
2) in future：from now on今后
in the future：in time yet to come 將來
You’d better not go out alone after dark in future. 你以后天黑后最好不要單獨出去。
No one knows what will happen in the future. 沒人知道將來會發(fā)生什么事。
5.I’ve got a pain here. This place hurts. 我這兒疼。這個地方疼。
1）pain
①指身體上的痛苦，既可用做可數(shù)名詞也可用做不可數(shù)名詞。
I have a pain/pain/pains in the stomach. 我胃疼。
I have a sharp pain in the chest. 我胸口劇疼。
He was seriously hurt and in pain. 他傷勢嚴(yán)重，很痛苦。
②指精神、情感方面的痛苦，用做不可數(shù)名詞。
His bad behaviour caused his parents a great deal of pain.
他的不良的行為舉止給他的父母帶來了極大的痛苦。
It gave us much pain to learn the news of his death. 聽到他的死訊，我們感到極度痛苦。
③辛苦、辛勞，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
No pains, no gains.不勞動，不收獲。
He always takes great pains with his work. 他工作很努力。
2）hurt
vt.. 普通用語，指精神、肉體上的受傷均可。vi 疼痛
You have hurt his feeling. 你傷了他的感情。
I was hurt by his words. 他的話刺傷了我。
He fell off his bicycle. I hope he wasn’t badly hurt..
他從自行車上摔了下來，我希望他傷得不重。
Does your head still hurt? 你的頭還疼嗎？
I have a pain in the leg. 我腿疼。
His head aches terribly. 我頭疼的厲害。
My feet hurt because my shoes are too tight. 我腳疼因為我的鞋太緊了。
注意：
injure 常指意外事故中受傷
wound一般指外傷，常指戰(zhàn)場上或沖突中所受的槍傷或刀傷。
hurt 常指肉體的疼痛和精神上的傷害
harm 主要指對人或事物造成危害，這種危害不一定是直接的，也不一定有痛楚。
Twenty passengers were injured in the traffic accident yesterday.
在昨天的交通事故中有20人受傷。
The bullet wounded him in the left leg. 那顆子彈打傷了他的左腿。
He was hurt by a falling brick. 他被一個落下來的磚頭砸傷了。
Smoking may harm your health. 吸煙有害健康。
injured 和wounded可做定語，意思是 “受傷的” the wounded / injured受傷的士兵
the injured, the wounded用來指一類人“傷員”
The injured have been taken to hospital. 傷員已經(jīng)被送往醫(yī)院。
All the wounded were removed. 全體傷員都被運(yùn)走了。
6. Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was. 選擇吃什么不像以前那么簡單了。
no longer = not … any longer 指時間上和狀態(tài)上不再延續(xù)。常與延續(xù)性動詞和形容詞連用。
no more = not any more 強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，次數(shù)上不再增加和動作中止的結(jié)果，常與名詞或瞬間動詞連用。
China is no longer what it used to be. =China is not what it used to be any longer. （多指眼下不再）
He said he would go there no more.= He said he would not go there any more. （多指將來不再）
7. Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life, and the fuel we need for our body is also different. 我們的飲食習(xí)慣變了，生活方式變了，我們身體所需的熱量也與以往不同了。
關(guān)系代詞as和which ：
比較下面兩個例句：
This elephant is like a snake, as / which everybody can see.
= As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake.
Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry.
這兩個例句中，as 和which 代表的都是整個主句所表示的內(nèi)容，是非限定性定語從句。
不同之處：
①.在形式上，as引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句可以位于主句的后面，也可以位于主句的前面；而which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。
②在意義上，as定語從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯為“正如…，就象…”,which 定語從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，或是對主句的評論。
He was late again, as / which we had expected.
= As we had expected, he was late again.
正如我們所料，他又遲到了。
He takes exercises every day, which has done a lot of good to his health.
他每天運(yùn)動，這對他的身體很有好處。 （不用as）
The street hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty.
街道好多星期沒有打掃了，因此整條街很臟。（不用as）
注意
在such …as , the same… as…, as many as…, as much as…等結(jié)構(gòu)中，as 不能用which 替代。
Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 這樣的書對初學(xué)者來說太難了。
These two words are pronounced differently but they spelt the same as each other.
這兩個單詞發(fā)音不同，但是它們的拼寫相同。
8.If we want to keep up with the high pace of modern life, we had better make the right choices about what and how we eat. 如果我們想跟上現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏，我們最好學(xué)會正確選擇吃什么和怎樣吃。
keep up with 跟上；不落后；趕上
Don't run - I can't keep up with you.
別跑了，我趕不上你了。
Are wages keeping up with inflation?
工資跟得上通貨膨脹嗎？
9.Some nutrients help build our body and make it stronger. Protein, for example, is good for our muscles. 一些營養(yǎng)物有助于增強(qiáng)我們的體質(zhì)并且使它更強(qiáng)壯。例如，蛋白質(zhì)有益于我們的肌肉。
build (built, built) vt, vi
1)建筑；建造；蓋
He built a model ship out of wood. 他用木頭造了個模型船。
根據(jù)；依賴
His argument is built on facts. 他的論點是以事實為根據(jù)的
2)向最高峰發(fā)展, 達(dá)到最高峰
The wind began to build. 風(fēng)力開始增大。
build n 體格；體型 。v.t 健身
We are of the same build. 我們體型相同
10.Other nutrients help keep our body functioning well.
其它營養(yǎng)物有助于很好地保持我們的人體機(jī)能。
keep on doing (有間斷地)繼續(xù)干，反復(fù)干（強(qiáng)調(diào)決心毅力）
keep doing (無間斷地)繼續(xù)干，（無感情色彩）
keep sb doing 使某人一直干…
keep（prevent / stop） sb from doing 阻止某人干…
keep up with 跟上（原來一個層次） catch up with 趕上（原來落后）
keep … in mind 把...記在心里
keep … out of 不使…入內(nèi)
11. If our diet includes foods from all the food groups, in the right amounts, we do not have to buy any supplements. 如果我們的飲食中，適量攝入各種食品，我們就沒必要購買其它的營養(yǎng)品。
1)diet n. ①food and drink飲食
A balanced diet and regular exercise are both important for your health.
均衡的飲食和有規(guī)律的鍛煉對你的健康很重要。
②節(jié)食
a high-fibre diet 高纖維的飲食
a low-fibre diet 低纖維的飲食
No potatoes for me – I’m on a diet. 我不吃土豆，我在節(jié)食/減肥。
注意
區(qū)分：diet和food,
diet指的是習(xí)慣的食物或規(guī)定的食物，特指維持健康的定量的或病人的療養(yǎng)
food是食物的一般用語。
The sick man can’t live without food, but he must have a diet without sugar.
那個病人不能不吃東西，但是他必須吃不含糖的食物。
2)include 和contain 的區(qū)別：
兩者都有“包括”之義，區(qū)別：
①contain 側(cè)重于“整體，內(nèi)有”指在某一范圍或容器內(nèi)容納某物。不用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。翻譯為“包含，含有，內(nèi)裝”
②include 側(cè)重包含者只是整體中的相對獨立的一部分。翻譯為“包括”。
③including 一般被看作介詞。
The plan includes most of your suggestion.
The book contains forty maps , including three of Great Britain.
12． The same goes for “crash diets” that some companies say will make us lose weight fast. 有些公司建議我們用來快速減肥的“速成食療”也是如此。
(1)go for
①沖向；進(jìn)攻；打擊;抨擊；責(zé)備
They went for each other in the papers. 他們在報上互相指責(zé)。
②喜歡；被吸引
She doesn't go for men of this type. 她不喜歡他這種類型的男人。
③對...適用
He thought the lunch was terrible, and the same goes for all the rest of us too.
他認(rèn)為午飯很糟糕，我們也是。
(2)weight n. 重量
net weight凈重 gross weight 毛重 put on weight 體重增加 lose weight 體重減輕
by weight 按重量
by 后接表示計量單位的名詞時，通常用the.
I am paid by the hour. 我按小時計愁。
Is this cloth sold by the metre . 這種布是按米賣的嗎？
weigh v.稱…的重量
How much do you weigh? = What is your weight? 你的體重是多少？
13. The best way to make sure that we will feel and look fine is to develop healthy eating habits.最好的方法是養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習(xí)慣，這將使我們感到并且看上去很健康。
develop v.
~ a new business發(fā)展新業(yè)務(wù)
~ mind and body 身心發(fā)展
~ speaking skills 培養(yǎng)會話技巧
a developing country 發(fā)展中國家
a developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國家
~ a film 沖洗膠卷
~ … out of / from 由…發(fā)展起來
~ develop ..into 發(fā)展…成…
Plants develop from seeds
植物由種子發(fā)育而成。
Several industries are developing in this area.
幾種工業(yè)正在這個地區(qū)發(fā)展。
Some children develop more slowly than others.
有的兒童比其他兒童發(fā)育得慢。
Fresh air and exercise develop healthy bodies.
新鮮空氣和運(yùn)動能使身體健康。
He developed the photographs which he had taken.
他拍攝的照片沖洗出來了。
With hard work, she developed into a great writer.
經(jīng)過艱苦地工作，她成為一位偉大的作家
14． Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
只有用那種方式我們才能準(zhǔn)備好迎接生命里挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇。
當(dāng)副詞only放于句首,修飾狀語(副詞，介詞短語和狀語從句)時，句子要倒裝，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：
副詞
Only + 介詞短語 + 助動詞+ 主語
狀語從句
Only then did I realize that I was wrong．直到那時我才意識到我錯了。
Only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise. 只有努力工作，你才能期望漲
薪水，
Only when the war was over was he able to get back to work．
只有到戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后，他才能重新開始工作。
15． You will stay healthy if you eat a balanced diet that includes the right amount of nutrients from different foods groups. 如果你飲食均衡，適量攝入各種食物，營養(yǎng)多樣均衡，你將會保持健康。
stay vi
①停留，暫住；逗留；做客
Stay in your classroom until it is time to go home.
在教室里一直待到該你們回家的時間。
He stayed with his father while he was ill.
當(dāng)他生病時，他和父親待在一塊兒。
"In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us."
"我在信中告訴她,她可以和我們住在一起。"
② (系動詞) 支撐；支持，持續(xù)不變；保持
The patient is at the critical stage. The food won't stay down.
"病人處于危急狀態(tài),東西吃下去就嘔出來。"
"How can you stay so cool, calm and collected after such a hot argument?"
"這樣一場激烈的爭論過后,你怎么還能保持如此心平氣和,鎮(zhèn)靜自若?"
16． They are dying for some good food to refuel their little bodies.他們需要一些高質(zhì)量的食品補(bǔ)充身體需求。
die v. death n. dead adj.
①死；死亡；逝世；辭世，（常與of, from, with連用）中止；結(jié)束；消亡
Every winter some old people die from hypothermia.
每年冬天都有些老人死于體溫過低。
To die for the people is a glorious death!
"為人民而死,雖死猶榮。"
The day is dying in the west. 日薄西山。
②be dying for 渴望
I am dying for a new bike. 我很想要一輛新自行車。
常用短語：
17.You should avoid eating vegetables that are grown with too many chemicals. 你應(yīng)該避免吃被施加了過量的化學(xué)制品的蔬菜。
avoid
①避開；避免 ~ doing sth ; ~ sth.
I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
我橫穿馬路以便避開他,但他看到了我并朝我跑過來。
To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colors.
為避免混淆,兩隊分穿不同顏色的衣服。
②逃避
Are you trying to avoid me?
你是不是想躲開我？
名師隨堂解題
［基礎(chǔ)題］
★例１This book _________ forty maps, ___________ three of Great Britain.
A. contained; included B. is containing; including
C. includes; contains D. contain; including.
導(dǎo)析：contain意思是“包含，含有，容納”。側(cè)重“某一范圍中包含哪些內(nèi)容，某種物質(zhì)中含有某種成分或某一容器和空間容納某物。”contain不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)。Include強(qiáng)調(diào)某事物中包括哪些組成部分。常用它的分詞短語形式作定語。本題The book中“含有四十幅地圖”， 側(cè)重的是內(nèi)容；其中的三幅英國地圖是四十幅圖中的一部分。因為邏輯主語 “forty maps與include three of Great Britain.”之間是主動關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)當(dāng)使用表主動關(guān)系的現(xiàn)在分詞。故選D。 答案：Ｄ
★★例２The guide suggested _______ to the Great Wall tomorrow.
A. to us a visit B. us visiting C. us a visit D. we should visit
導(dǎo)析：此句的意思是“導(dǎo)游建議我們明天參觀一下長城。”在做題時，除了注意suggest的用法：suggest doing ; suggest sb should do sth；suggest sth to sb或suggest to sb sth(向某人建議某事)，還要注意visit的用法：visit是及物動詞，后面直接跟表示地點的名詞，故可排除答案B，D，而visit用做名詞時，表示參觀某地或某物時，后應(yīng)加to。故選A。答案：A
★★例3 You are seriously ill. You ________ stay in bed for a few days.
A. would better B. would C. had better D. would prefer
導(dǎo)析：本句的意思是“你病的很嚴(yán)重，最好臥床休息幾天。”四個選項中只有would better具有迷惑性，英語中沒有這個習(xí)語。表示建議“最好”如何做時，應(yīng)當(dāng)用“had better”。would表示 “愿意”。Would prefer表示兩者中比較更喜歡做…。答案：C
［易錯題］
★★例4 In order to avoid ________ overweight, you’d better take _____ regularly.
A. become, exercise B. becoming, exercises C. becoming, exercise D. to become, exercise
導(dǎo)析：avoid避免發(fā)生某事，avoid后必須接動詞的ing形式。exercise泛指體育鍛煉時是不可數(shù)的。指“練習(xí)題” 或 “體操” 時是可數(shù)的。 答案：A
★★例5 Billy was the youngest boy on the hike, he found it difficult to_____the rest of the class.
A. keep in with B carry on with C. keep up with D. go on
導(dǎo)析：本題是指Billy由于年齡小而在步行野營訓(xùn)練時跟不上其他同學(xué)。選項中的keep up with…就相當(dāng)于keep pace with…表示 “跟上, 及時了解，不落在…后面”。符合句意。Keep in with 表示“不得罪…”。如：You’d better keep in with Mr. Parson, for he is our manager. Carry on with 表示“把…繼續(xù)下去”。如：After his father died, Bob carried on with the business. “go on with”表示繼續(xù)做…，如: My father went on with his paper after a short rest. 答案：C
★★例6 _________ succeed in doing anything.
A. Only by working hard we can B. By only working hard we can
C. Only by working hard can we D. Only we can by working hard
導(dǎo)析:only 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語（介詞短語，狀語從句， 副詞）放在句首，句子要部分倒裝。需要將助動詞,情態(tài)動詞和be動詞提到主語的前面。因此C為正確選項。
答案C
★★★例7 Tom’s father is not ______satisfied with his study, for he does very poorly in it.
A. a bit B. a little C. a bit of D. a little of
導(dǎo)析：not a bit = not at all , not a little = very根據(jù)句意，“湯姆的父親對他的學(xué)習(xí)一點都不滿意，因為他的成績很差。” 故選A。在此要注意a bit 和a little的用法：1)當(dāng)用于肯定句中，修飾形容詞、副詞時。二者可互換使用。2) 用于否定句時，not a bit = not at all , not a little = very或 much。3)a bit of 后直接加不可數(shù)名詞，如：a bit of ink; a little后接不可數(shù)名詞， 如：a little ink.4) a little of后接特指的不可數(shù)名詞，如: Could you lend me a little of your money? 答案：A
★★例8 The doctor ordered him a _______ without sugar.
A. fruit B. food C. vegetable D. diet
導(dǎo)析:diet指人或動物的某類飲食，或適合病人吃的某種特殊飲食。既可作可數(shù)名詞，也可做不可數(shù)名詞使用。常用習(xí)語有： go on a diet,開始節(jié)食，on a diet正在節(jié)食。Food指食物，食品時是不可數(shù)名詞。用作可數(shù)名詞時指某種食物。如：Hardly any fried foods agree with me now.各種油炸食品我都不太適應(yīng)。答案D
［高考題］
★★例9Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _______ fresh for several days.（2003年全國高考題）
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
導(dǎo)析：stay此處是系動詞,意思是”保持”。類似stay, keep, remain等系動詞沒有進(jìn)行時，也不用于被動語態(tài)。答案Ｂ
單元綜合訓(xùn)練
I. 單項填空：
1. The children were lying flat on their ________.
A. stomach B. stomachs C. stomaches D. the stomach
2．As I felt better, my doctor ____ me to take a holiday.
A. suggested B. advised C. hoped D. considered
3．To regain(恢復(fù)) their ____ after an exhausting（使人疲憊不堪的）game, the players lay in the grass.
A．force B. energy C. power D. healthy
4．The book store ______ open until 8 at night every day.
A. stays B. is remained C. becomes D. is keeping
5. Something ________ be done to protect our living environment（環(huán)境）.
A. ought to B. is used to C. wants D. advised
6. As the singer is well received by the public, you ____ buy a ticket for his concert in advance(提前).
A. needn’t B. would rather C. had better D. should better
7. --- My stomach ________ because I have eaten too much.
---Oh, you shouldn’t have. Bad eating habits are_______ to your health.
A. pains, good B. hurts, harmful C. aches, deadly D. injures, well
8. Julie is one of those women who always _________ with the latest fashion.
A. carry on B. keep away C. go on D. keep up
9. In order to______ strong bodies and keep well, people should always eat a breakfast.
A. form B. leave C. build D. remain
10. It is advised that people eat a balanced ________ and not eat too many _______that are rich in fat and sugar.
A. food, diet B. diet, foods C. food, diets D. diets. foods
11．--- You don’t look very well today.
--- I have been feeling very tired recently and I _________ a holiday.
A. wish B. hope C. like D. am dying for
12. --- Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown’s office?
--- I’m sorry, but Mr. Brown _________ works here. He left about three weeks ago.
A. no more B. not still C. no longer D. not any more
13. There’s ____ with the machine. It doesn’t work.
A. something seriously wrong B. seriously wrong something
C. something wrong seriously D. wrong seriously something
14. Listen carefully, because these rules ______ you all.
A. go in for B. go in with C. go off D. go for
15.You _____ take care of your younger sister when your parents are away.
A. ought to B. could C. dare D. need
II. 完形填空：
Everyone needs water and a diet 16 healthy foods. These foods should 17 some fat, some fiber, a little salt and so on.
People need energy to live. They eat a 18 of foods which change into energy. The energy is measured in calories. Our bodies use different 19 of calories. The more 20 we take, the more calories we burn. Even when you are 21 , you are using energy---about 65 calories an hour. While you are at school, or walking home, your body is 22 up 100 calories an hour. When playing football or basketball, you might be using 400 calories an hour. On 23 Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, perhaps as 24 as 650 calories an hour.
The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It contains a lot of fruit and green vegetables. It is 25 in fiber and low in sugar and fat. The Chinese eat less sugar than many 26 countries in the world. That is 27 lots of people in China have white teeth.
People in the Western world do not eat 28 healthy foods. They eat too much fat and sugar and don’t take 29 exercise. Because of this, they 30 very easily. In order to 31 with the quick pace of their life and work, they eat a lot of fast food. They eat a lot of sweets, soft drinks, potato crisps, chocolate, butter and cream and so on, 32 are called 33 food by some epicureans（美食家）. The result is that many of them become fat. In order to avoid 34__ fat and 35 it is advisable(明智的) to eat a balanced diet and not eat too many foods that have a high calorie rating.
16. A. above B. of C. at D. over
17. A. include B. hold C. contain D. make up
18. A. variety B. kind C. type D. way
19. A. numbers B. amounts C. quantity D. deal
20. A. exercise B. exercises C. sport D. game
21. A. sleepy B. running C. working D. asleep
22. A. running B. adding C. burning D. wasting
23. A. Children B. Work C. Sports D. Sport
24. A. much B. many C. few D. little
25. A. poor B. low C. rich D. plenty
26. A. more B. other C. rest D. others
27. A. Why B. because C. because of D. since
28. A. so B. very C. much D. such
29. A. a number of B. too much C. masses of D. enough
30. A. lose weight B. put on weight C. die D. stay healthy
31. A. keep up B. carry on C. keep on D. go on
32. A. as B. these C. which D. they
33. A. bad B. diseased C. healthy D. junk
34. A. to get B. becoming C. to become D. get
35. A. keep thin B. keep fit C. stay calm D. fall ill
III. 閱讀理解：
A
Hunger is on the rise again after falling steadily(穩(wěn)定的) during the first half of the 1990s, according to a report by the U.N. food agency(機(jī)構(gòu)).
Nearly 850 million people go to bed hungry every night. In Asia and Africa the number of people in the developing world who are suffering hunger is climbing at a rate of almost 5 million a year. It is very hard for the U.N. to cut in half the number of the hungry people by 2015. The Food and Agriculture Organization said it is time for nations to examine why hundreds of millions of people go hungry in a world that produces more than enough food for every man, woman and child. Bluntly stated(坦率地說), the problem is not so much a lack of food as a lack of political will.
Except when wars or natural disasters sometimes affect developing countries, "little is said and less is done" to end the trouble of the 798 million people in the developing world who suffer from hunger .
On the good news side, 19 countries have reduced the number of hungry people since 1990-1992 by a total of over 80 million. China reduced the number of hungry people by 58 million from 1990-1992, but progress has slowed. By contrast(相比而言), India reduced the number of hungry people by 20 million between 1990-1992 and 1995-1997, but it reduced the number of hungry people by 19 million over the following four years.
36. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. the food problem B. natural disasters C. wars D. the development of poor countries
37. According to the passage, during 1991-1995, the number of hungry people was _______.
A. rising B. the same as before C. falling steadily D. sometimes falling and sometimes rising
38. The food problem is becoming more serious now, mainly because of ___________.
A. a lack of food B. a lack of governmental attention C. years of wars D. natural disasters
39. On the good news side, ____________have reduces the number of hungry people?
A. only China and India B. none of the countries C. all the African countries D. 19 countries
40. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. The world doesn’t produce enough food for all the people in every country.
B. During 1998 – 2001, India made greater progress than China.
C. During 1998 – 2001, India made less progress than China.
D. It is very easy for the U.N. to cut in half the number of the hungry people by 2015
41. How did the writer feel about the progress of reducing the world hungry people?
A. satisfied B. happy C. worried D. angry
B
People have strange ideas about food. For example, tomato is a kind of very delicious vegetable. It is one of useful plants that can be prepared in many ways. It has rich nutrition(營養(yǎng)) and vitamin in it. But in the 18th century, Americans never ate tomatoes. They grew them in their gardens because tomato plants are so pretty. But they thought the vegetable was poisonous(有毒的). They called tomatoes “poison apples”.
President Thomas Jefferson, however, know that tomatoes were good to eat. He was a learned man. He had been to Paris, where he learned to love the taste of tomatoes. He grew many kinds of tomatoes in his garden. The President taught his cook a way for a cream of tomato soup. This beautiful pink soup was served at the President party. The guests thought the soup tasted really good. They never thought their president would serve his honored guests poison apples. Jefferson never spoke to his honored guests about the fact.
42. After you read the passage, which of the following do you think is true?
A. Americans never ate tomatoes after they began to plant them.
B. Americans didn’t eat tomatoes before 19th century.
C. Even now Americans don’t eat tomatoes.
D. In the 18th century Americans ate a lot of tomatoes.
43. Jefferson learned that tomatoes were good to eat ____.
A. while he was in Paris B. when he was a little boy
C. because his parents told him so D. from books
44. From the passage we know all the honored guests invited by Jefferson were____.
A. people from other countries B. from France
C. people of his own country D. men only
45. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A. None of the guests knew the soup that was served at the President’s party was made of tomatoes.
B. All of the guests thought the soup which was prepared by the President’s cook was nice.
C. President Thomas Jefferson knew that tomatoes were good to eat and not poisonous at all.
D. All of the guests didn’t know that their president would serve his honored guests poison apples.
IV. 短文改錯：
One of most important meals of the day is breakfast. 46. ___________
In order for children to build strong body and for 47. ___________
adults to keep well, they can always eat a breakfast. 48. ___________
Eating the right food is necessary for good healthy. You 49. ___________
should eat different kinds of food in order keep a good 50.___________
health. It is understood that a good breakfast may 51. ___________
contain eggs, bread, milk and so on. With eating breakfast 52. ___________
every morning, you can feel living and quick in the 53. ___________
morning’s works. After a good breakfast you can 54. ____________
step out into the morning air but feel wonderful. 55. ____________
V. 寫作訓(xùn)練:
某學(xué)校進(jìn)行了一次早餐狀況調(diào)查。詳細(xì)情況請看下面的表格。要求根據(jù)表格提示的信息，寫一篇報道。說明早餐對學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和健康的影響及早餐的重要性。不要逐條翻譯。（100字左右）
吃早餐的學(xué)生 不吃早餐的學(xué)生
早餐狀況 雞蛋、牛奶、面包、餅干、香蕉、西紅柿等水果、蔬菜。 不吃早餐
身體狀況 健康，不易生病、不易發(fā)胖，生長較快。 不健康，容易發(fā)胖，易生病，生長緩慢
學(xué)習(xí)狀況 課上思維敏捷，精力充沛，注意力集中。成績良好或優(yōu)秀。 課上思維遲鈍，注意力不集中。精力不濟(jì)。成績較差。
體育運(yùn)動方面 不易疲勞，耐力和速度好 易疲勞，耐力和速度差
［參考答案］
I.：單項選擇: 1-5 CBBAA 6-10 CBDCB 11-15DCADA
II. 完形填空: 16-20 BCABA 21-25 DCCAC 26-30 BADDB 31-35 ACDBB
III.：閱讀理解: 36-40 ACBDB 41-45 CBACA
IV.短文改錯：
46. most前加the 47. body--bodies 48. can--should 49. healthy-heath 50. order后加to 51. √ 52. With--By 53. living-alive或energetic 54. works--work 55. but--and
VI.作文參考答案：
A school did a research on the effects that a good breakfast made on students. The school study showed that students with a good breakfast every morning, which contained eggs, bread, milk and so on were healthier than those without breakfast. They grew faster and were less likely to put on weight and get ill. By eating breakfast every morning, the students could feel alive and quick in the morning’s work at school. They were full of energy and could focus their attention easily for a long time. Their scores in the tests were much higher than those of the students who went to school without breakfast. Compared with the students with a good breakfast every day , the students without breakfast were less active and more easily to get tired in sports. They couldn’t run as fast as those with breakfast. From the research we can see breakfast plays an important part in our life. It not only affects our health but also study and work, even our feelings. Let’s prepare ourselves a good breakfast every day to keep fit.