1. .prefer v．更喜歡…..
prefer sth to sth prefer to do sth prefer doing sth; prefer doing sth to doing sth
I much prefer dogs to cats．與貓比起來，我更喜歡狗。
Many people living in cities would actually prefer to live in the country．許多住在城市的人實際上更愿意住在鄉(xiāng)村。
Peter prefers traveling by train．彼得更喜歡乘火車旅行。
I prefer staying home to going out today．我今天寧愿呆在家里，也不愿出去。
preference n．偏好
I must admit I have a preference for romantic movies．我必須承認(rèn)我更喜歡浪漫電影。 ．
I asked her where she wanted to go on vacation，but she didn't express any preference．我問她想到哪兒去度假，但她沒表示自己的偏好。
In allocating housing，preference is given to those who have young children．在分配房子時，那些有小孩的人有優(yōu)先權(quán)。
Many people choose the train in preference to driving．許多人寧愿選擇火車也不愿選擇自己駕車。
2． furniture n. （總稱）家具，作不可數(shù)名詞。例如：
一套家具 a set of furniture 一件家具 a piece of furniture；an article of furniture
This old French table is a very valuable piece of furniture.
這張舊的法國桌子是一件很貴重的家具。
3． convenient adj.方便的；近便的opp. inconvenient 不方便的
（1）作表語時，不可用sb作主語。例如：
Is it convenient for you to come out this evening? 你今天晚上出來方便嗎？
不可寫為：Are you convenient to come out this evening? （2）作表語時后接主動不定式。
The furniture is convenient to move.
家具搬起來很方便。 派生詞：convenience n.方便；便利
4. stand vt.承受；經(jīng)受；承擔(dān)（to accept successfully; bear）
This work will hardly stand close examination.這種作品很難經(jīng)得起仔細(xì)的檢驗。（stand sth.）
Could you stand to go there again tomorrow?明天你還有能耐上那里嗎？（stand to do sth）
He wants to marry me but I can't stand the sight of him. 他要娶我，但我一見他就受不了。（can't stand sth /doing sth）
5. Architecture looks at the man-made living environment．(P.19) 譯文：建筑學(xué)關(guān)注的是人造生活環(huán)境。
[講解]本句采用了擬人的修辭方法(personification)，把a(bǔ)rchitecture人性化。look at在本句中意為“考慮、關(guān)注(consider)”；此外還有“看待(regard)”、“對待(judge)”、“檢查、察看(examine to see if it is good or correct)”等意思。
I won't look at such a simple matter． 我不愿考慮這樣簡單的事情。
We must look at the question from all sides． 我們應(yīng)該從各個方面考慮這個問題。
You should look at your work attentively．你應(yīng)認(rèn)真對待你的工作。
You ought to have your bad teeth looked at． 你應(yīng)去檢查一下你的壞牙。
6. ...who wanted to change society with buildings that went against people's feeling of beauty．(P.19) 他們希望用背離人們審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建筑改變社會。
[講解]go against有三個意思。①違背，反對(to act in opposition to)；②對(某人)不利(to be in favorable to sb.)③與……相反；與……不符。
[例句]
She went against her own wishes．她違背了她自己的意志。
The opinion is going against us．輿論對我們不利。
The case may go against you這個案子對你不利。
It went against my principles to work for this company． 為這家公司工作違背了我的原則。
[講解]against的用法總結(jié)：
be against a plan(反對計劃)／sail against the wind(逆風(fēng)行船)／stand against the door(靠門而立)／go against the law(違背法律)／be against one\'s will(違背心愿)／protect(defend)sb. against(from)...(保護(hù)……免受)／warn sb. against doing sth...(警告……不……)／Her red clothes stand out clearly against the snow．(她的紅色衣服在白雪中格外顯眼)／The rain beat against the window．(雨點打在了窗戶上)。
7． impress vt.因此impress原意為：壓入；按入→vt.①(具體)印、壓(蓋)印；②(抽象)給……深刻印象；使感動；使佩服；③銘記；銘刻。
I was very impressed by /at /with his performance. 他的表演令人難忘。(sb be impressed by /at /with sth)
My father impressed the value of hard work on me. 我父親使我銘記勤勉的重要。（impress sth on sb /one's mind; impress sb with sth）
The country impressed me with the high speed of its development. 這個城市給我留下高速度發(fā)展的深刻印象。（impress sb with sth）
派生詞：impression n.
8．Most of Gaudi's works were constructed in and round Barcelona．(P.20) 高迪的大部分作品都建筑在巴塞羅那及周圍。
[講解]construct v. build(sth)；put or fit together；form建筑；建造(某物)；形成。
[例詞]construct a factory／an airplane／a sentence／a modal建工廠；造飛機(jī)；造句子；制作模型
9. Both in the choice of materials and shape of buildings, ancient architecture stands much closer to nature. 無論是在選材，還是在外形上，古代建筑都比較貼近自然。
(1)in the choice of意為“在選擇……方面”。choice n.①選擇(可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞)；②被選出的人或東西(可數(shù)名詞)，常和for，as連用；③可供選擇的品種。
I bet we've made a good choice．我確信我們做了一個好的選擇。
As to language learning，he was given a choice between English and France．至于語言學(xué)習(xí)，他被提供了兩項選擇--英語或法語。
I didn't work all night．-I did it by choice．
我不是非得整夜工作--我是自己選擇這樣做。
He was a very good choice as chairman．他是作主席的最好人選。
(2) 句中的stand close to 原意為“站得與……靠近”，這里指“與……相適”，“與……相一致”。例如：He stands close to the hive to have a close study on their dance. 他站在靠近蜂房的地方仔細(xì)觀察蜜蜂的舞蹈。
His conclusion stands closer to the facts than yours. 他的結(jié)論比你的更與事實相符。
10. Looking at the architecture by Gandhi is like a dream, full of fantastic colors and shapes.
觀賞高迪的建筑就像進(jìn)了夢境，色彩斑斕和形狀奇異。
（1）句中的“l(fā)ooking at…”是動名詞短語，在句中作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，在英語中，此類用法很常見。例如：
Missing the bus means waiting for another hour. 錯過了這班車意味著再等一個小時。
Mary's coming late made her teacher angry. 瑪麗遲到了使她老師很生氣。
（2）句中的“full of…”為形容詞短語，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句“which is full of…”。又如：
We visited many palaces, old and beautiful. 我們參觀了許多古老而又美麗的宮殿。
（相當(dāng)于：…，which are old and beautiful.）
11. despite= in spite of prep．不管，不顧
Despite all our efforts to save the school，the headmaster decided to close it.不管我們花了多少努力來挽救這所學(xué)校，校長還是決定關(guān)掉它。
She went to Spain despite the fact that the doctor had told her to rest．不顧醫(yī)生告訴她要休息(這個事實)，她還是去了西班牙。
Despite herself, she found his attention rather enjoyable．情不自禁地，她發(fā)現(xiàn)他的關(guān)注相當(dāng)令人愉悅。
12. Frank Lloyd Wright，who built an art museum in New York，found himself inspired by Japanese seashells．(P.20) 弗蘭克勞埃德賴特設(shè)計了紐約的藝術(shù)博物館，是日本的海貝殼激發(fā)了他的靈感。
[講解]inspire v. in 根義：注入。①注入精神→鼓舞，激勵；②注入靈氣→給……靈感；啟迪；啟示。
His noble example inspired the rest of us to great effort．他的高尚的榜樣激發(fā)了我們大家更加努力。
It inspired him with courage．這事鼓起了他的勇氣。My father inspired me with a love of knowledge．
我的父親鼓勵我愛好學(xué)問。
The beautiful scenery of the West Lake inspired him to write this famous poem．西湖美景給了他靈感寫出了這首著名的詩篇。
12. fill up with把…灌滿，使充滿
Brad just kept filling up everyone’ glass with champagne．布萊德一直給每一個人的杯子灌滿香檳。
11. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel, and it looks just like a bird's nest made of tree branches.從頂上看，仿佛體育場覆蓋著灰色的鋼網(wǎng)，非常像樹枝搭成的鳥巢。
（1）…look as if“看起來好像”，后面可接真實可能發(fā)生的事，也可指與事實完全相反的假設(shè)。例如：
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看樣子要下雨了。（真實語氣，有可能發(fā)生）
If you put the chopsticks in the water , it looks as if they were broken. 如果你把筷子放進(jìn)水中，他們看起來仿佛斷了似的。
13． belong to 屬于；是……成員。
（1）此詞組不可用于進(jìn)行時，例如： The car belongs to her.這車屬于她。
（2）不可用于被動語態(tài)，其過去分詞也不可用作后位定語。
Does the tape belong to Mary? 這磁帶是瑪麗的嗎？
（3）是……成員（to be a member of an organization）
What party do you belong to? 你是哪一黨的黨員？
（4）與……有關(guān)系（to be connected with）
As a writer, he really belongs to the 18th century. 以作家而言，他其實屬于18世紀(jì)。
They are decorated with small round windows that remind us of ships，bent roofs，...(P.23)
譯文：它們被小圓窗裝點，還能讓你聯(lián)想到輪船、穹頂……
[講解]decorate v.裝飾、裝修(make sth. more beautiful or attractive by sth.(not because it is necessary)。常用句型decorate...with sth.；如賓語是人，意為：授予某人榮譽(yù)標(biāo)志(勛章)。
a Christmas tree decorated with colored lights裝飾著彩燈的圣誕樹
He was decorated for his bravery．他因勇敢而被授予勛章。
[講解]remind v.①使某人想起，常用remind sb. of sth.句型②提醒某人做某事，常用remind sb. to do sth.句型。
He reminds me of his brother．他使我想起了他哥哥。
This song reminded me of my childhood．=This song recalled me of my childhood．=This song called up the memory of my childhood．這首歌使我想起了我的童年。
Do I have to remind you？我必須提醒你嗎？
That(what you\'ve said)reminds me．I must feed the cat．對啦！我該喂貓了。
14． set aside
（1）把……置于一旁；
He set aside all objections and changed the plan. 他不顧一切反對改變了計劃。
（2）留出，撥出
We should set aside enough grain. 我們應(yīng)該留出充足的糧食。
（3）使無效
The decision of the court set aside the new law. 法院的判決使得那條新法律無效。
（4）為了某種特殊目的而擱置一旁
This is a room set aside for playing card games. 這是一間專供紙牌游戲的房間。
15. so that people in the neighborhood are not disturbed when rock musicians move in and practice for a concert．(P.24) ……目的是當(dāng)樂師們搬進(jìn)來為音樂會排練時，鄰居不被打擾。
[講解]disturb vt.①焦慮不安，常用于be disturbed to do sth.(由于做了某事而焦慮不安)；②擾亂、驚動、攪亂；interrupt vt.打斷、中斷。因此disturb強(qiáng)調(diào)“擾”；interrupt強(qiáng)調(diào)“斷”。
[例句]
He was disturbed to hear of your illness．聽到你生病他焦慮不安。
Don\'t disturb the papers on my desk．不要把我桌上的文件弄亂。
She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child．她輕輕打開門為的是不把睡夢中的小孩弄醒。
Don\'t interrupt the speaker now；he will answer questions later．現(xiàn)在不要打斷他的話，他稍候再回答問題。
We interrupt this programme to bring you a new flash．我們中斷節(jié)目，報告新聞快訊。
三 詞語學(xué)習(xí):
5.sale n．銷售 for sale 待售 on sale 廉價銷售
--Excuse me, are these for sale? 請問這些賣嗎?
--No，the particular item is just on show．不，這個只供觀賞。
Peter's department store is having a sale this week．這星期彼得百貨商店大減價。
Stephen King's new novel will go on sale next week．史第芬金的新小說將會賣到下星期。
I could only afford to buy the CD player because it was on sale．我只買得起CD機(jī)，因為它在降價大甩賣。
6.Stuff n. [u] 東西；材料；事情
What's that stuff you're drinking? 你在喝什么東西?
What kind of stuff do you like to read? 你喜歡讀什么樣的材料?
I've got so much stuff to do this weekend．這個周末我有許多事情要做。
Unit 3 Art and architecture 知識清單
1. .prefer v．__________.
(prefer sth to sth prefer to do sth prefer doing sth; prefer doing sth to doing sth )
I much prefer dogs to cats． Many people living in cities would actually prefer to live in the country．
Peter prefers traveling by train． I prefer staying home to going out today．
preference n．_____________
I must admit I have a preference for romantic movies．
I asked her where she wanted to go on vacation，but she didn't express any preference．
In allocating housing，preference is given to those who have young children．
Many people choose the train in preference to driving．
2． furniture n. （總稱）_____，作_____________名詞。例如：
a set of furniture a piece of furniture；an article of furniture
This old French table is a very valuable piece of furniture.
3． convenient adj.______________ opp. inconvenient ___________
（1）作表語時，不可用__________作主語。例如：
Is it convenient for you to come out this evening?
可不可以寫為：Are you convenient to come out this evening?
（2）作表語時后接主動不定式還是被動不定式。
The furniture is convenient to move. 派生詞：convenience n.____
4. stand vt._____________（to accept successfully; bear）
This work will hardly stand close examination.（stand sth.）
Could you stand to go there again tomorrow?（stand to do sth）
He wants to marry me but I can't stand the sight of him.（can't stand sth /doing sth）
5. Architecture looks at the man-made living environment．(P.19)建筑學(xué)關(guān)注的是人造生活環(huán)境。
本句采用了擬人的修辭方法(personification)，把a(bǔ)rchitecture人性化。look at在本句中意為“____________”；此外還有“看待(regard)”、“對待(judge)”、“檢查、察看(examine to see if it is good or correct)”等意思。
I won't look at such a simple matter． We must look at the question from all sides．
You should look at your work attentively． You ought to have your bad teeth looked at．
6. ...who wanted to change society with buildings that went against people's feeling of beauty．(P.19) 他們希望用背離人們審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建筑改變社會。
[講解]go against有三個意思。①_______(to act in opposition to)；②___________(to be in favorable to sb.)③______________
She went against her own wishes． The opinion is going against us． The case may go against you
It went against my principles to work for this company．
[講解]against的用法總結(jié)：
be against a plan(____)／sail against the wind(____)／stand against the door(____)／go against the law(____)／be against one\'s will(____)／protect(defend)sb. against(from)...( ____)／warn sb. against doing sth... (____)／Her red clothes stand out clearly against the snow．(____)／The rain beat against the window．(____)。
7． impress vtvt.①(具體)________；②(抽象)___________；③______________。
I was very impressed by /at /with his performance.(sb be impressed by /at /with sth)
My father impressed the value of hard work on me.（impress sth on sb /one's mind; impress sb with sth）
The country impressed me with the high speed of its development.（impress sb with sth）
派生詞：impression n.
8．Most of Gaudi's works were constructed in and round Barcelona．(P.20) 高迪的大部分作品都建筑在巴塞羅那及周圍。
[講解]construct v. build(sth)；put or fit together；form_____________。
[例詞]construct a factory／an airplane／a sentence／a moda___________________-
9. Both in the choice of materials and shape of buildings, ancient architecture stands much closer to nature. 無論是在選材，還是在外形上，古代建筑都比較貼近自然。
(1)in the choice of意為“________________”。choice n.①選擇(可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞)；②被選出的人或東西(可數(shù)名詞)，常和for，as連用；③可供選擇的品種。
I bet we've made a good choice． As to language learning，he was given a choice between English and France．
I didn't work all night．-I did it by choice． He was a very good choice as chairman．
(2) 句中的stand close to 原意為“站得與……靠近”，這里指“______________”。
例如：He stands close to the hive to have a close study on their dance.
His conclusion stands closer to the facts than yours.
10. Looking at the architecture by Gandhi is like a dream, full of fantastic colors and shapes.
觀賞高迪的建筑就像進(jìn)了夢境，色彩斑斕和形狀奇異。
（1）句中的“l(fā)ooking at…”是動名詞短語，在句中作_________，謂語動詞用_____數(shù)形式，在英語中，此類用法很常見。例如：
Missing the bus means waiting for another hour. Mary's coming late made her teacher angry.
（2）句中的“full of…”為形容詞短語，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句“which is full of…”。又如：
We visited many palaces, old and beautiful. （相當(dāng)于：…，which are old and beautiful.）
11. despite= in spite of prep．__________
Despite all our efforts to save the school，the headmaster decided to close it.
She went to Spain despite the fact that the doctor had told her to rest．
Despite herself, she found his attention rather enjoyable．
12. Frank Lloyd Wright，who built an art museum in New York，found himself inspired by Japanese seashells．(P.20) 弗蘭克勞埃德賴特設(shè)計了紐約的藝術(shù)博物館，是日本的海貝殼激發(fā)了他的靈感。
[講解]inspire v. in①____________-；②________________
His noble example inspired the rest of us to great effort．
It inspired him with courage． My father inspired me with a love of knowledge．
The beautiful scenery of the West Lake inspired him to write this famous poem．
12. fill up with__________________
Brad just kept filling up everyone’ glass with champagne．
11. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel, and it looks just like a bird's nest made of tree branches.
（1）…look as if“________”，后面可接真實可能發(fā)生的事，也可指與事實完全相反的假設(shè)。例如：
It looks as if it is going to rain.
If you put the chopsticks in the water , it looks as if they were broken.
13． belong to _____________。
（1）此詞組不可用于________時，例如： The car belongs to her.這車屬于她。
（2）不可用于被動語態(tài)，其過去分詞也不可用作后位定語。
Does the tape belong to Mary? 這磁帶是瑪麗的嗎？
（3）是……成員（to be a member of an organization）
What party do you belong to? 你是哪一黨的黨員？
（4）與……有關(guān)系（to be connected with）
As a writer, he really belongs to the 18th century. 以作家而言，他其實屬于18世紀(jì)。
14. They are decorated with small round windows that remind us of ships，bent roofs，...(P.23)
它們被小圓窗裝點，還能讓你聯(lián)想到輪船、穹頂……
decorate v.____________(make sth. more beautiful or attractive by sth.(not because it is necessary)。
常用句型decorate...__________ sth.；如賓語是人，意為：授予某人榮譽(yù)標(biāo)志(勛章)。
a Christmas tree decorated with colored lights. He was decorated for his bravery．
[講解]remind v.①_____________，常用_________句型②______，常用________句型。
He reminds me of his brother．
This song reminded me of my childhood．=This song recalled me of my childhood．=This song called up the memory of my childhood． Do I have to remind you？
14． set aside
（1）__________； He set aside all objections and changed the plan.
（2）________ We should set aside enough grain.
（3）________ The decision of the court set aside the new law.
（4）為了某種特殊目的而擱置一旁 This is a room set aside for playing card games.
15. so that people in the neighborhood are not disturbed when rock musicians move in and practice for a concert．(P.24) ……目的是當(dāng)樂師們搬進(jìn)來為音樂會排練時，鄰居不被打擾。
[講解]disturb vt.①________，常用于_________(由于做了某事而焦慮不安)；②________；
interrupt vt.打斷、中斷。因此disturb強(qiáng)調(diào)“擾”；interrupt強(qiáng)調(diào)“斷”。
He was disturbed to hear of your illness． Don\'t disturb the papers on my desk．
She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child．
Don\'t interrupt the speaker now；he will answer questions later．
We interrupt this programme to bring you a new flash．