喬家大院英文導(dǎo)游詞
喬家大院大家知道嗎？各位導(dǎo)游朋友是怎么樣介紹喬家大院的呢？我們看看下面的導(dǎo)游詞，歡迎大家閱讀吧！
喬家大院英文導(dǎo)游詞
ladies and gentleman,good morning!welcome to shanxi!its my great honour to stand here to be your tour guide,please allow me introduce myself, my name is z,u can call me Doris too.the man who sitting beside me is our driver Mr li ,he has more than ten year’s experience in driving so he will makes our trip a safe and pleasant one .we will do our best to make your tour pleasant and enjoyable .
山西素有“中國(guó)古代建筑博物館”之稱。全省現(xiàn)存有大量明清時(shí)期的民居建筑，它們大都集中在晉中的祁縣、平遙、太谷、介休一帶，這些深宅大院不僅是當(dāng)時(shí)富商大賈的宅第，也是顯赫一時(shí)的晉商的歷史見(jiàn)證。那我們今天參觀的喬家大院就是它們其中的一個(gè)代表。
shanxi has long been known as "ancient architecture museum of china". A great many civil houses build in Ming and Qing Dynasties have been preserved in here.they are the testimony of history of Shanxi Merchants .the Courtyard of Family Qiao that we will visit today is one of them.
喬家大院位于祁縣東觀鎮(zhèn)喬家堡村，距太原54公里，乘車大約一小時(shí)就可以到達(dá)。喬家大院是一所民居建筑，是我國(guó)保存下來(lái)的最完整的一座民居建筑。占地8725㎡，建筑面積3870㎡，共6個(gè)大院，20個(gè)小院，313間房屋。1985年喬家大院被開(kāi)辟成為晉中民俗博物館，一部《大紅燈籠高高掛》使得喬家大院名揚(yáng)海外，2005年拍攝的《喬家大院》更是讓許多人了解了喬家大院，了解了晉商。我們現(xiàn)在就來(lái)到了喬家大院的大門口了，我們現(xiàn)少停留一下。
Courtyard of Family Qiao located in Qixian County in Shanxi Province , 54 km south of Taiyuan.this is a kind of civil house ,it is the most complete civil house which is preserved in china.it occupying area of 8725 square meters,while the floorage occupies 3870 square meters.it has 6 compounds, 20 small courtyards, 313 housings.
我們看到喬家大院的門前并沒(méi)有旗桿和石獅子，但是高大的院墻，足以顯示出主人的威嚴(yán)氣派。院內(nèi)房屋設(shè)計(jì)的十分完美，錯(cuò)落有致，體現(xiàn)了我國(guó)清代北方民居建筑的獨(dú)特風(fēng)格，具有相當(dāng)高的觀賞、科研和歷史價(jià)值。專家學(xué)者贊譽(yù)其為“北方民居建筑的一顆明珠”。因此人們常說(shuō)“皇家有故宮，民家看喬家”。我們看到大門正對(duì)的這個(gè)照壁，它叫做“百壽圖”是由一百個(gè)壽字構(gòu)成的，在百壽圖的兩邊有一幅對(duì)聯(lián)“損人欲以覆天理，續(xù)道德而能文章”這是當(dāng)時(shí)左宗棠寫的，他先了主人淡泊心志，，百壽圖的上方有“履和”二字，是從“端詳步履由中道，怡然胸襟養(yǎng)太和”一句中意化出來(lái)的，體現(xiàn)了喬家主人的中庸思想。
there isnt any flagpole or stone lions outside the gate,but those tall walls could shows the prestige of the owner.houses in this yard was designed quite naturally perfect,it shows the characteristic style of the civil houses in north .its highly valuable in the study of history，in scientific researches,it is also valuable as a tourist resort.The specialists and scholars commend it as "a bright pearl of the civil houses in north".there is a screen wall facing the gate of a house,we called this "zhaobi",we can see it consisting of hundred forms of the character for “shòu” ,it means longevity.
大門上有一副對(duì)聯(lián)“子孫賢，族將大”；“兄弟睦，家之肥”，可以看出喬家主人的最高追求，就是人丁興旺，家庭和睦，只是致富的前提，也是富貴的歸宿。進(jìn)入大門后我們首先來(lái)看一下大院的簡(jiǎn)單構(gòu)造圖，我們面前的這條常80米的甬道，將喬家大院的六個(gè)大院分為南北兩院，北院房屋大都高大，是長(zhǎng)輩居住的地方，南面的房屋相對(duì)較低是晚輩居住的地方，大門是朝東開(kāi)的，所謂“紫氣東來(lái)”這個(gè)大門就是吸收祥氣的。那我門一個(gè)大院一個(gè)大院來(lái)參觀。
after we entry the front gate, we see the map first,there are 6 compounds in total.the houses in northern yard was tall,its the residence of elders.relatively low houses in south lived the younger generation.
【第一院】
整個(gè)喬家大院比國(guó)內(nèi)不是一期工程一起完工的，而是分為了三期工程，那我們要看的第一院就是清嘉慶至道光年間，是一期工程的第一院，稱為老院，它是由喬貴發(fā)之子，喬致庸之父喬全美所建。
the first courtyard was build during the Reign of Jia Qing and Dao Guang.its the old yard .
進(jìn)入大門，我們會(huì)看到一個(gè)照壁，叫做福德祠，那正是印證了“門迎百壽，院納福德”。一般民宅中都要有，它的用途就是一、裝飾作用，二、鎮(zhèn)宅避嫌的作用。
we will see a entrance screen ,zhaobi,after we entry the gate of this yard . i mentioned it before.it useful for two purposes,one is for decoration,another is for guards the house and avoid suspicion.
這里的福德祠是用來(lái)供奉土地爺?shù)模蠹铱吹较旅嬗幸粋�(gè)小龕，正是擺放土地爺?shù)模送猓谡麄�(gè)照壁上還有許多精美的磚雕，我們來(lái)看，上面，兩邊各有一對(duì)獅子，那它的諧音就是“四時(shí)平安”，中間有幾件法器戟、磬、如意，寓意為“吉慶如意”，下邊有壽山石，寓意為“壽比南山”，旁邊的芙蓉樹(shù)，寓意為“福如東海”，我們數(shù)一數(shù)，一共有六對(duì)鹿，寓意為“六時(shí)通順”。好了我們要進(jìn)院去參觀了，那這個(gè)院子是一個(gè)里五外三的穿心樓院，我們要連登三級(jí)臺(tái)階，高約為1丈，寓意為步步登高的吉祥祝福。
this screen was used to dedicated to the "earth god".there is a small niche below,was used to set the "earth god".there is a lot of exquisite brick carving on the screen.
好我們來(lái)到了第一進(jìn)院，這里展出的是行和住的民俗。我們來(lái)看這個(gè)廂房中有兩輛馬車，車輪十分的高大，這正是富貴人家的馬車。對(duì)面是居住民俗，展出的是從古人類一直到現(xiàn)在的居住地圖片。
there are still two yards in the first conrtyard.now,we are entrying the firt one,this yard shows the folklore of "live"and "row". the two carriages displayed in wing room is very big ,only those rich people who can own this kind of stuff.
穿過(guò)穿心，我們來(lái)到了第二進(jìn)院，我們看到，正房是一個(gè)二層的小樓，可是二樓是有窗沒(méi)有門，那這叫做統(tǒng)樓，上方有一塊牌匾“為善最樂(lè)”，這正是喬家老爺?shù)淖毅懀且郧罢渴怯脕?lái)會(huì)客的，東西廂房是書房和臥室，我們今天來(lái)到喬家，就是喬家的客人，所以我們先來(lái)正房看看，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在是冬季，但進(jìn)入房間并不會(huì)感覺(jué)到冷，我們會(huì)看到墻壁非常的厚，厚大約為1.2米，那這是仿照過(guò)去的窯洞而作的，所以是冬暖夏涼。
now ,we are stand in the second yard ,we can see the main house is a two-story building ,but there isnt any windows or doors on second floor,this is a special style in china.the board above means the happiest thing is to be goodness . the main room was used for recept guests.today,we are mr qiao's quests,so lets go to the main room first. u wont feel cold in this room in winter,because the wall in this room are relatively thick ,its nearly 1.2 meters ,this room is patterned after past cave,its warm in winter and cold in summer.
東廂房展出的是歲時(shí)節(jié)令，上半年的從二月二龍?zhí)ь^，四月清明節(jié)，掃墓，五月端午，下半年從七月十五上墳，八月十五賞月，臘八喝臘八粥，二十三送灶王爺上天，二十四買對(duì)子，二十五掃房子，二十六打燒酒割肉，二十七殺豬又殺雞，一直到大年三十。
the east wing displayed festivals and holidays. it shows the troditional festival of china and their corresponding customs,spiritual religion and amusement.Tomb-sweeping Day ,Dragon Boat Festival,spring festival.
西廂房展出的是衣飾，那以前是有這種觀念“男人看袖頭，女人看腳手”袖口越大，說(shuō)明這個(gè)家越有錢，而女人則是越是腳小的越好看，有這么一句話“三寸金蓮，四寸銀蓮，五寸銅蓮”腳大了就嫁不出去了，那我們看到這里還有兩雙很小的鞋，它并不是三寸金蓮，是雙看鞋，那它是用來(lái)送給別人的，就是要看這個(gè)女子的手是不是很巧。
the west wing displayed clothes and ornaments,there is an old saying,"judge a man from his cuff,judge a women from her foots and hands". bigger the cuff ,richer the family .and to women,a girl will be well recived if she had a very small foots.if she had a big foot,she need to worry about that she will never get married.
偏房是農(nóng)俗展覽，有碾子、石磨，還有一些春種、夏管、秋收、冬藏的農(nóng)事活動(dòng)。
the side room is the exhibition of agriculture ,there are roller,uesd for crush grain,and stone mill,used for grinding grain into flour,and there are some exhibition of farming activities in there too.
【第二院】
第二院是二期工程，那在第二院所展出的就是喬家的發(fā)跡史。我們來(lái)進(jìn)來(lái)看一下，喬家的發(fā)家始祖喬貴發(fā)，名字是很好的，貴發(fā)貴發(fā)，既富貴又發(fā)達(dá)，可是他卻是命運(yùn)不濟(jì)，很小的時(shí)候就父母雙亡，他被寄養(yǎng)在舅父家里，那他卻是一個(gè)十分勤勞有踏實(shí)的人，親戚鄰里有什么事情，他都樂(lè)意去幫忙。有一天，他的親戚結(jié)婚，他還是照舊去幫忙，等到新人行禮的時(shí)候，新娘新郎要找喬貴發(fā)來(lái)行禮，后邊的人就說(shuō)“給那樣的人行禮，還怕有失身份呢”這時(shí)喬貴發(fā)剛從廚房趕過(guò)來(lái)，滿身灰塵，聽(tīng)到這句話后，心想，我堂堂一個(gè)五尺男兒，只因家里貧窮，就讓別人這么看不起，一咬牙，一跺腳，獨(dú)自走了西口，開(kāi)始了自己的發(fā)家之路。他與清徐的一個(gè)姓秦的小伙子，一起在一個(gè)雜貨鋪打工，由于他們的勤快和好學(xué)，受到了老板的賞識(shí)，教會(huì)了他們很多的經(jīng)商之道。后來(lái)，他們有了一些積蓄，就自己開(kāi)了一個(gè)草料鋪，有一年，是個(gè)豐收年，糧價(jià)跌落，黃豆價(jià)格尤其低，他們便趁機(jī)購(gòu)存大批黃豆。不料，次年黃豆緊缺，價(jià)錢不斷上漲，他們便將黃豆拋售出去，獲利頗豐。于是利用這筆資金，開(kāi)設(shè)字號(hào)，名為廣盛公。后來(lái)因?yàn)楣芾淼臏螅行┨潛p，經(jīng)過(guò)三年的整改，終于有了新的起色，當(dāng)時(shí)把“廣盛公”改名為“復(fù)盛公”，他們認(rèn)為這是復(fù)興基業(yè)的新起點(diǎn)。我們看到下一位人物就是喬貴發(fā)的兒子喬全美，如果說(shuō)，喬貴發(fā)是喬家的開(kāi)創(chuàng)者，那他就是一個(gè)發(fā)展者，他為喬家制定了一系列的家規(guī)家訓(xùn)，一會(huì)兒我們?nèi)タ纯础Ｄ菃倘烙袃蓚�(gè)兒子，大兒子喬致廣英年早逝，二兒子致庸繼承家業(yè)，我們看這幅圖，這位就是喬致庸，在他的手上，喬家度過(guò)了最輝煌的時(shí)期。他是喬家最年長(zhǎng)的人，活了89歲，一共娶了六個(gè)太太，最小的一個(gè)可能可以作他的孫女了，大家可能會(huì)問(wèn)，喬家不是有很嚴(yán)格的家訓(xùn)嗎，怎么會(huì)娶6位太太呢？他活了89歲，老了如果總是讓女仆伺候生活起居，那樣不是很方便，所以兒女讓他娶妻，但從不納妾。當(dāng)時(shí)喬家的生意遍布整個(gè)包頭城，那有這么一句話叫“先有復(fù)盛公，后有包頭城”。
the second courtyard displayd the family history.Qiaoguifa was the earliest ancestor wo make the family get rich,he was ill-fated when he was young.his parents died when he was little boy.He was send to his uncle's home as a child.he is a hard-working and steady.so many people looked down on him just because his poverty.so he decided "zou xikou",it means went to work in Inner Mongolia.he saved some money by means of worked for a variety shop,and invested his own store.this became the beginning of his family business.his son,Qiaguangmei has formulated a series of family rules.Qiaoguangmei had two sons,eldest son died earlier.and his young boy Qiaozhiyong inherited his family property and made a greater achievements .moreover he is the oldest man in his family ,living 89 years old.he has six wifes ,the youngest one could be his granddaughter.his business spread through central inner mongolia.
那后面的這意味是喬致庸的侄孫喬映霞，他當(dāng)時(shí)是出外留學(xué)，把先進(jìn)的技術(shù)帶回到喬家，當(dāng)時(shí)喬致庸認(rèn)為自己的兒子沒(méi)有很好的人選，所以就將喬家交給了他。但是俗話說(shuō)“富，富不過(guò)三代，而喬家已經(jīng)是五代經(jīng)商了，1926年開(kāi)始走下坡路，由盛轉(zhuǎn)衰。票號(hào)與商號(hào)業(yè)務(wù)多被官商銀行奪走，日軍侵華戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)及國(guó)內(nèi)連年戰(zhàn)亂，也使商號(hào)一獗不振，慘淡經(jīng)營(yíng)直到1951年終于停業(yè)，1952年遣散職員處理善后，1953年春，歷時(shí)二百多年曾經(jīng)輝煌一時(shí)的“復(fù)字號(hào)”終于關(guān)門了。
as the old saying, Clogs to clogs is only three generations.at last, Qiaozhiyong gived the family possessions to his grandnephew who had been aborad . but , their business begun to went downhill at 1926 cause the war.the business had been shutdown at 1953 finally. most of their later generation lived in beijing ,shanghai ,kunming now.
那我們來(lái)看他們的家譜圖，上面的已經(jīng)介紹過(guò)了，喬貴發(fā)三個(gè)兒子喬全美、喬全德、喬全義，喬全美有兩個(gè)兒子，喬致廣、喬致庸，喬致庸有11個(gè)兒子，下面的是他的孫子，那大家看下面有一個(gè)叫做喬健的人，喬家就是在他這輩分家的，下面的子孫大家會(huì)看到很少有在山西的，當(dāng)年，喬家的后人很少有人再子承父業(yè)的，大部分都離家上學(xué)。現(xiàn)喬家后人大部分都生活在北京、上海、昆明等地。
【第三院】
第三院為三寶院，我們來(lái)一件一件看，從正房看起，正房?jī)?nèi)的叫做犀牛望月鏡，他是用東南亞鐵梨木雕刻而成的，平時(shí)我們所見(jiàn)的木頭都是密度小于水的，所以放在水里會(huì)漂浮起來(lái)，而東南亞鐵梨木的密度則很大，它會(huì)沉在水底，兩百年來(lái)，鏡子影像清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)完美。大家看，它分為三部分，上面是鏡面，它像天上圓圓的月亮，然后是祥云，最后是一頭犀牛，這里還有一個(gè)傳說(shuō)故事，傳說(shuō)犀牛是天上的'一個(gè)神將，玉皇大帝讓它來(lái)到人間傳令，每天人們應(yīng)三打扮，一吃飯。它卻傳成了一打扮，三吃飯，玉皇大帝大怒，將它貶到人間，由于留戀天上的生活，所以他的頭總是朝向天上望著月亮，所以叫做犀牛望月，此外，犀牛還與喜牛諧音，也取一個(gè)吉祥的寓意。據(jù)文物專家鑒定，此鏡最低價(jià)也值300萬(wàn)人民幣。
there are three treasures in the third courtyard.lets see it one after another.also, we start with the main room.the precious in this room is called "the mirror of Rhinoceros Watching the Moon",its carved out of lignumvitae,the general woods will float because it is less dense than water.but this will sink towards the bottom,it has gone through over two hundred years , but its image is still perfect.
東廂房中展出的事第二件寶物，叫做“萬(wàn)人球”，，這是個(gè)圓球形的鏡子，無(wú)論有多少人在房中，也無(wú)論站在哪個(gè)角度，都可以在鏡子里找到自己，而且映像十分清晰，不會(huì)變形，所以叫做萬(wàn)人球。那它當(dāng)時(shí)是有一個(gè)重要的用途的，對(duì)，起監(jiān)視的作用，當(dāng)時(shí)喬老爺把它掛在正房的窗外，老爺經(jīng)常會(huì)與掌柜的商討商業(yè)事宜，這正是起到一個(gè)監(jiān)視的作用，防止有人在外面偷聽(tīng)。萬(wàn)人球確實(shí)是名不虛傳，此物是清代的遺物。
the east wing displayed a very special ball, in fact its a spherical mirror,but the most spectacular is whatever how many people stand in this room and wherever you are,u will find urself in that ball,quite clear and not to deform. its was used for spy at that time,when mr Qiao was discussed important business ,it can prevent eavesdropping .if u dont believe it ,just try it~~
第三寶就是懸吊在西廂房的這兩盞“九龍燈”。九龍燈是用珍貴的烏木制作的一對(duì)八角形宮燈。因?yàn)闊羯瞎驳裼芯艞l龍，故稱“九龍燈”。這9條龍分上下兩層排列，上4條，下4條，每4條組成一個(gè)萬(wàn)字，燈的頂端有是1條龍頭，9條龍頭上都有蠟簽可點(diǎn)蠟燭。每4條精雕細(xì)刻的龍身所組成的萬(wàn)字形，在其轉(zhuǎn)折處都有軸相連，可以靈活轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)調(diào)整角度。在兩層萬(wàn)字形中間的是八棱形燈身，上有4面畫、4面水銀鏡子可反光照射。到了晚上，棱形燈內(nèi)的燭光交相輝映、流光溢彩。如果還要增加房間的亮度，那就把九龍燈上兩個(gè)萬(wàn)字形拉直，8條龍便照直地向四方撲去，使得房間大亮。據(jù)說(shuō)，這對(duì)九龍燈是當(dāng)年慈禧太后西逃時(shí)賜給喬家的，北京故宮博物院前些年幾次有意收走，但喬家大院管理部門不肯割愛(ài)，只好作罷。
the third precious which is kept in here is a light with nine dragons.its made by ebony and having eight sides and eight angles.this a special gift given by the Empress Dowager Cixi when she was escaping.the Palace Museum in Beijing wanne took away several times,but had been rejected finally.
【第四院】
我們現(xiàn)在來(lái)到的就是第四院，商俗院，也是新院，它是由喬致庸的侄孫喬映霞所見(jiàn)的，那這個(gè)院子在建筑風(fēng)格上處處體現(xiàn)出了他留學(xué)所帶來(lái)的先進(jìn)技術(shù)。首先我們來(lái)看正房的窗戶，非常有歐式的風(fēng)格，此外這里還有很精美的磚雕，我們看門楣上方的磚雕，正中是一個(gè)香爐，上面還坐了一個(gè)小孩，寓意為香火旺盛，兩邊分別是琴棋書畫，喬家人希望自己的子孫是多才多藝，琴棋書畫樣樣精通的；再往兩邊看，分別是鐘和表，教育喬家的后代子孫套懂得一寸光陰，一寸金，要珍稀時(shí)間；我們?cè)倏礀|廂房這邊有一個(gè)很有意思的雕刻，大家順著我的手勢(shì)看，中間的小的玻璃窗戶格子上方，有一列火車正在橋上行駛，還冒著煙，正是喬映霞當(dāng)年把在外國(guó)看到的火車憑借自己的印像雕刻到這里。
now,we are in the forth courtyard,displayed the commerce and custom .this yard founded by Qiaozhiyong's grandnephew.all in the signature of new technology brought from abroad.the window of the mainroom, it is European Style , moreover,there are many exquisite brick .the brick on the transom shows a censer and a boy sit on it.The moral to it is to have plenty of offspring,there are lyre-playing, chess, calligraphy and painting carved on beside , that means he hope his later generation are thoroughly accomplished in all of them.we can also see the brick of bell and watch.it used for educated his offspring that treasuring the life time .
正房的蠟像就是當(dāng)時(shí)掌柜和東家報(bào)賬的情景，正面坐的是東家，旁邊坐的是掌柜的，而后面的就是小伙計(jì)了，那喬家乃至?xí)x商當(dāng)時(shí)選用小伙計(jì)是非常嚴(yán)格的，首先必須面貌清秀，身高七尺，并且是本村的村民，因?yàn)檫@樣知根知底；其次就是他人品和技能的考察，必須通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的考察，才能被錄用。偏房里都是從當(dāng)?shù)厥召?gòu)回來(lái)的家具，我們來(lái)看這個(gè)小瓷娃娃，它是一個(gè)枕頭，我們看到它后面有一個(gè)小孔，那這是用來(lái)灌水的，冬天灌涼水，夏天灌熱水，冬暖夏涼。從偏房出來(lái)，我們看到這個(gè)門楣上也有些木雕，大家可以看到兩顆白菜，諧音為“百財(cái)”，出了偏院，我們來(lái)看這個(gè)磚雕，一面是貓和蝴蝶，諧音“耄耋”，另一面是喜鵲登梅，寓意為“喜上眉梢”，然后我們來(lái)看這個(gè)院子的照壁，它叫做“省分箴”，它是喬致庸的妹夫趙鐵山所寫，省是醒悟的意思，分是分寸的意思，教育喬家后代做事要注意分寸，并要懂得知足。兩邊是暗八仙，也就是八仙的法器，下面有戟、罄、如意，“吉慶如意”，最下面兩邊是獅子滾繡球，俗話說(shuō)“獅子滾繡球，好事在后頭”，那我們也馬上要看到，喬家大院最為漂亮的院子。
now lets go inside the main room,there is a waxwork in here,It depicts the scene of shopkeeper account for his master.the boy standing behind him is a buster,the selection of buster was overly strict in here,first the boy should be handsome,seven feet tall at least,and he should be a villager of their native village. second,they were thoroughly vetted before they were allowed into this house.
the side rooms displayed many furnitures which were purchased from local residents.there is a china doll here,this is a pillow actually , there is a ostiole on the back,u can filling it with hot water in winter,cold water in summer.
【第五院】
第五院就是喬家大院“在中堂”的主人喬致庸所建，它也是一個(gè)里五外三的穿心樓院，首先我們看到門楣上方，有一塊匾，叫做在中堂，取意為“不偏不倚，執(zhí)用之中”體現(xiàn)了主人的中庸思想，門楣上雕刻有福祿壽三星，兩邊有八駿的雕刻，希望后代子孫都有所作為，這一院展出的是人生禮儀，我們來(lái)看第一進(jìn)院，里面展出的是小孩過(guò)一周歲生日的情景，不僅要全家慶賀，還要舉行抓周儀式，全國(guó)不少地區(qū)均有此俗，古典文學(xué)名著《紅樓夢(mèng)》中也有描寫，賈寶玉抓周，其他東西不抓，偏偏抓了脂粉盒。生日這天，吃的也很講究，一般都吃長(zhǎng)壽面，希望孩子健康長(zhǎng)壽，還要吃油糕，取諧音高低的高，希望孩子今后的日子芝麻開(kāi)花節(jié)節(jié)高。過(guò)生日最大的忌諱是吃包子，怕孩子長(zhǎng)大之后像草包一樣活的窩窩囊囊。此外，大家可以看到墻上掛一件衣服，稱為百家衣，這是小孩母親從各家要回布料縫制的，穿百家衣，以期望小孩健康成長(zhǎng)，無(wú)災(zāi)無(wú)病。
the fifth courtyard was build by Qiaozhiyong,this yard displayed life etiquette,lets see the first small yard ,it shows the scene of a child on his one year old birthday,everyone come to congratulate this little boy.there will be a formal ceremony ,a vocational inclination test for an infant.people will prepare many things represent many kinds of vocation for the child,and then let him grabing,the thing he finally grabed will represent the one he will be in the future .such as ,a abacus represent he will go into business,a pen represent he will be a calligrapher in the future.very interesting. the child will eat longevity noodles in his birthday,it was taboo to eat steamed stuffed bun,cause they think its not good for the child's future life.
穿過(guò)穿心院，我們來(lái)到里院，首先我們來(lái)看，它是一個(gè)明樓院，二樓是有門有窗的，相對(duì)于第一院來(lái)說(shuō)，它的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)與風(fēng)格，就十分的講究與先進(jìn)了。里院展出的是婚俗，男大當(dāng)婚，女大當(dāng)嫁，在晉中結(jié)婚一般分為6個(gè)程序，我們一個(gè)一個(gè)地看，請(qǐng)大家跟好我的腳步。迎娶這天，新娘早早起來(lái)和父母去祠堂上香，然后坐在炕上等待梳妝打扮，這天的新娘從頭到腳都是一派紅色，必須穿紅棉襖、紅棉褲，紅色代表喜慶、吉祥。民間當(dāng)時(shí)有“十三留頭，十四嫁，十五生個(gè)毛娃娃”的說(shuō)法。因?yàn)檫^(guò)去女孩出嫁年齡尚小，長(zhǎng)得比較瘦，為了襯托像大人一樣豐滿，所以要穿紅棉襖、紅棉褲，另外就是娘家人希望自己的女兒嫁到婆家以后像紅棉襖一樣，日子過(guò)得紅紅火火，厚厚實(shí)實(shí)。東房一室即嫁女婚俗展覽，床上放一木桶，一把椅子各是什么意思呢？桶是要待嫁女兒在離開(kāi)娘家之前坐一下木桶，寓意為從此兩家相通，椅子是要待嫁女兒坐在上面，還要扇扇子，“坐椅子，扇扇子，榮華富貴一輩子。”新娘上轎時(shí)，還要由娘家哥哥背到轎子上，“哥哥背妹妹，好活一輩輩。”
okay,now lets visit the inside yard toghter,it shows the Chinese Marriage Customs.it is divided into six procedures.in the morning of the weeding day,the bride will go to the ancestral temple with her parents,and then back to home,dressed up herself with red cotton-padded jacket and trousers,u know ,in china,red represent good luck,and the bride's family hope her could live better after she get married.the older brother had to carried the bride on his back to enter a sedan chair.it will bring good luck to the bride.
新娘入轎后，鼓樂(lè)齊鳴，在鳴鑼開(kāi)道聲中，花轎開(kāi)始啟程，儀杖隊(duì)進(jìn)行在路上，據(jù)說(shuō)是縣太爺在路上遇上也得繞道而行，民間有句俗話“百日為民，一日為官”。正房展出的就是拜堂的情景，大家看到新郎戴著官帽，而新娘頭上頂著蓋頭，那這個(gè)蓋頭是要用秤桿挑起來(lái)的，取意為稱心如意。拜了天地就要如洞房了，我們來(lái)洞房看一看，炕上放著一個(gè)馬鞍，新娘要用一只腳跨過(guò)去，這時(shí)全人把馬鞍撤走，另一只腳就不跨了，意為“好馬不配雙鞍，好女不嫁二夫”，此外還有“新娘跨馬鞍，一世報(bào)平安”之說(shuō)。炕角分放四只蘿卜娃娃，蘿卜諧音摞輩之意，希望新媳婦過(guò)門后，能為主家傳宗接代貢獻(xiàn)力量。此外還有糖盒，里面有桂圓、蓮子、花生、棗，有早生貴子的意思。
the main room shows the scene of wedding ceremony , bridegroom should unveil her bride's veil with a steelyard,then the contentment and joy will fill their future days.the last procedure is teasing the bride and the bridegroom on wedding night,people will put a saddle on the bed.the bride had to crossed it with one feet,then people will withdraw the saddle .another feet dont need to cross it anymore.It will bring peace to the bride.moreover,they will receive a box with longan、lotus seeds 、peanut and jujube ,take a homonym,it means they wish to have a son soon and make family prosperous.
【第六院】
第六院原先喬家主人本來(lái)是要建一座“書房院”的，當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)買回了全套的假山，但是，1937年“七七事變”的爆發(fā)，這里只留下一部分花園，改成了“花園院”，1958年喬家出逃，留下了未完成的花園。我們看到在北面有一排房間，就是當(dāng)時(shí)建的書房，書房建造在緊挨祠堂的地方，主人也是有一定用意的，祠堂是用來(lái)祭祖的，勉勵(lì)喬氏后代發(fā)揚(yáng)和繼承祖先的業(yè)績(jī)，以繁盛喬家大業(yè)的，而書房則是用于培養(yǎng)喬家子弟，希望他們發(fā)奮讀書，增長(zhǎng)知識(shí)，成為優(yōu)秀人才的，所以書房院與祠堂緊鄰在一起，可以起到隨時(shí)隨地地激勵(lì)喬家子孫后代學(xué)業(yè)進(jìn)步的作用。
about the last courtyard,originally the owner want to build a study yard in here,and he bought complete rockery.but The Chinese July 7th Incident happened in 1937,only remained some garden.so the name has changed to "the garden yard',we can see a string of houses in the north,that is the unfinished study rooms. its just next to the ancestral temple ,it can be seen this family take their descendant's education seriously,so that they could bring prestige and honour to their families and clansmen.
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